Gastroprotective Properties of Karanjin from Karanja (Pongamia pinnata) Seeds; Role as Antioxidant and H⁺, K⁺-ATPase Inhibitor

Figure 4

Histopathological observation of stomach from ulcer-induced and karanjin/omeprazole-treated animals. The above figures indicate hematoxylin-and-eosin-stained sections (magnification ×10). Healthy, omeprazole control and karanjin control groups show an intact mucosal epithelium (indicated by arrows a, b and c) with organized glandular structure (a′). ES and SS shows damaged mucosal epithelium and disrupted glandular structure (d, g and g′). Karanjin pre-treatment reduced epithelial damage in addition to reorganized glandular structures in ethanol (h and i) and swim stress-induced ulcer conditions (e and f). Oil used as a vehicle control did not show mucosal protection (l and l′).

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