Gastroprotective Properties of Karanjin from Karanja (Pongamia pinnata) Seeds; Role as Antioxidant and H⁺, K⁺-ATPase Inhibitor

Table 2

Gastric mucin and H⁺K⁺-ATPase levels in healthy, ulcerated and protected rats.

Groups	Mucin content (mg g^−1)	H^+K^+-ATPase (μmol Pi mg^−1)
Ethanol stress-induced ulcer model
Healthy	54.05^a ± 5.5	0.57^a ± 0.18
Ethanol stress induced	14.05^b ± 2.5	1.04^b ± 0.14
Karanjin control 20 mg kg^−1 b.w.	49.75^a ± 9.4	0.58^a ± 0.10
Karanjin 10 mg kg^−1 b.w.	14.53^b ± 3.8	0.73^c ± 0.08
Karanjin 20 mg kg^−1 b.w.	25.25^b ± 8.3	0.61^a ± 0.10
Omeprazole control	50.60^a ± 11.7	0.51^a ± 0.09
Omeprazole 20 mg kg^−1 b.w.	50.86^a ± 6.0	0.58^a ± 0.03
Oil treated	20.57^b ± 8.9	0.95^b ± 0.08
Swim stress-induced ulcer model
Healthy	54.05^a ± 5.5	0.44^a, c ± 0.15
Swim stress induced	15.00^d ± 2.9	0.93^b ± 0.14
Karanjin control 20 mg kg^−1 b.w.	51.19^a, c ± 4.8	0.45^a ± 0.15
Karanjin 10 mg kg^−1 b.w.	40.95^b ± 6.9	0.58^c ± 0.11
Karanjin 20 mg kg^−1 of body	46.28^b, c ± 5.7	0.49^a, c ± 0.12
Omeprazole control	50.09^a, c ± 3.8	0.56^a, c ± 0.15
Omeprazole 20 mg kg^−1 b.w	50.24^a, c ± 4.3	0.59^c ± 0.15
Oil treated	20.23^d ± 3.9	0.91^b ± 0.13

Results are expressed as mean ± SD (𝑛=6). Range was provided by Duncan multiple-range test at 𝑃<.05. Different letters a–d in the column represent values that are significantly different when ulcer-induced group was compared with healthy control and sample-treated groups. ^aless or not significant; ^bmoderately significant; ^cless significant and ^dvery significant.