Gastroprotective Properties of Karanjin from Karanja (Pongamia pinnata) Seeds; Role as Antioxidant and H⁺, K⁺-ATPase Inhibitor

Table 4

Antioxidant/antioxidant enzyme and TBARS levels in liver homogenate and serum of swim stress-induced ulcer model.

Groups	GSH (nmol g^−1 tissue)	TBARS (nmol mg^−1 protein)	SOD (U mg^−1 protein)
Liver
Healthy	236.6^a ± 47.7	1.31^a, b±0.4	27.04^a, b ± 3.4
Swim stress induced	157.3^c ± 12.2	4.04^d ± 1.1	15.78^d ± 3.7
Karanjin control	215.1^a ± 29.6	1.43^a, b ± 0.3	26.14^a, c ± 2.1
Karanjin 10 mg kg^−1 b.w.	217.3^a ± 20.2	1.86^c ± 0.5	25.21^c ± 3.2
Karanjin 20 mg kg^−1 b.w.	292.3^b ± 73.9	1.71^a, c ± 0.5	30.38^b ± 2.9
Omeprazole control	218.1^a ± 18.2	1.16^b ± 0.4	26.41^a, c ± 3.1
Omeprazole 20 mg kg^−1 b.w.	222.1^a ± 16.9	1.53^a, b ± 0.3	28.93^a, b ± 2.7
Oil treated	110.2^a ± 19.5	1.92^c ± 0.3	17.00^d ± 1.9
Serum
Healthy	10.6^a, b ± 2.3	0.077^b ± 0.04	2.28^b ± 0.3
Swim stress induced	5.9^d ± 0.8	0.190^c ± 0.007	1.12^d ± 0.1
Karanjin control	10.1^a, b ± 1.4	0.065^b ± 0.007	2.10^a, b ± 0.3
Karanjin 10 mg kg^−1 b.w.	8.9^a, c ± 1.1	0.079^b ± 0.001	1.97^a, c ± 0.1
Karanjin 20 mg kg^−1 b.w.	11.6^b ± 1.2	0.073^b ± 0.003	2.19^a, b ± 0.2
Omeprazole control	8.0^c ± 2.0	0.077^b ± 0.005	2.35^b± 0.3
Omeprazole 20 mg kg^−1 b.w.	10.5^a, b ± 3.9	0.075^b ± 0.007	1.81^c± 0.2
Oil treated	5.1^d ± 0.1	0.135^a ± 0.017	1.36^d ± 0.2

Results are expressed as mean ± SD (𝑛=6). Range was provided by Duncan multiple-range test at 𝑃<.05. Different letters a–d in the column represent values that are significantly different when ulcer induced group was compared with healthy control and sample treated groups. ^aless significant; ^bless or not significant; ^cmoderately significant and ^dvery significant.