Aqueous Extract from Hibiscus sabdariffa Linnaeus Ameliorate Diabetic Nephropathy via Regulating Oxidative Status and Akt/Bad/14-3-3γ in an Experimental Animal Model
Table 1
Physiological and biochemical parameters of rats in various groups (mean ± standard deviation).
Normal
Control
STZ
STZ + HSE
STZ + HSE
(100 mg kg−1)
(400 mg kg−1)
Body weight (g)
393.33 ± 11.55
406.67 ± 20.82
240.00 ± 14.14
205.00 ± 36.97
206.00 ± 28.81
Glucose (mg dL−1)
145.33 ± 17.21
141.33 ± 11.06
630.00 ± 77.19
598.25 ± 67.29
607.65 ± 16.78
BUN (mg dL−1)
18.20 ± 1.64
15.23 ± 1.33
34.08 ± 5.12
31.88 ± 6.67
35.25 ± 3.15
Creatinine (mg dL−1)
0.47 ± 0.06
0.50 ± 0.10
0.52 ± 0.04
0.46 ± 0.05
0.50 ± 0.08
Albumin (g dL−1)
3.30 ± 0.10
3.33 ± 0.31
2.84 ± 0.30
2.90 ± 0.14
3.20 ± 0.08
Cholesterol (mg dL−1)
59.00 ± 5.00
50.00 ± 3.61
106.67 ± 9.87
101.75 ± 21.93
108.25 ± 14.93
Triglyceride (mg dL−1)
139.700 ± 65.70
88.00 ± 35.60
859.00 ± 196.00
363.00 ± 127.80
265.50 ± 46.90
HDL-C (mg dL−1)
24.00 ± 1.73
22.00 ± 2.65
21.00 ± 5.24
35.80 ± 13.59
54.25 ± 15.13
LDL-C (mg dL−1)
8.67 ± 1.53
9.00 ± 0.00
17.60 ± 3.05
16.80 ± 6.94
12.50 ± 3.70
Sodium (mmol l−1)
144.30 ± 0.60
148.00 ± 4.00
143.20 ± 1.50
144.80 ± 1.90
144.50 ± 1.30
Potassium (mmol l−1)
7.37 ± 0.23
8.27 ± 0.75
6.54 ± 0.58
6.30 ± 0.28
6.10 ± 0.61
Chloride (mmol l−1)
101.33 ± 0.58
103.67 ± 2.52
97.00 ± 3.39
98.80 ± 3.49
101.50 ± 1.00
n = 5. P < .05; P < .01 significantly different from control group; P < .05, P < .01 significantly different from STZ group.
