Gelam Honey Inhibits the Production of Proinflammatory, Mediators NO, PGE₂, TNF-α, and IL-6 in Carrageenan-Induced Acute Paw Edema in Rats

Figure 7

The effect of Gelam honey on the gene expression of (a) iNOS, (b) COX-2, (c) TNF-α, and (d) IL-6 in paw tissue. Rats were pretreated orally with Gelam honey (1 or 2 g/kg of body weight) for 1 or 7 days before inflammation, as induced by carrageenan injection. D.W.: distilled water, Carr: carrageenan, IND: Indomethacin. Data are presented as the mean ± S.E.M. (𝑛=6). ^a𝑃<0.05 compared to the inflammation group (D.W. + Carr.). ^b𝑃<0.05 compared to the Indomethacin group (10 mg IND/kg of body weight + Carr.). ^c𝑃<0.05 compared between different honey doses at the same time point, 1 day or 7 days. ^d𝑃<0.05 the same honey dose, compared between different time points, 1 day and 7 days.

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