Effect of Keishibukuryogan on Endothelial Function in Patients with at Least One Component of the Diagnostic Criteria for Metabolic Syndrome: A Controlled Clinical Trial with Crossover Design

Table 2

Patient characteristics.

	Group A (𝑛=27)	Group B (𝑛=22)	𝑃-value
Age (year)	63.5±1.6	62.0±1.7	0.3925^a
Sex (male/female)	11/16	9/13	0.9905^b
Smoking (yes/no)	2/25	1/21	0.6740^b
Alcohol intake (yes/no)	12/15	11/11	0.6983^b
BMI (kg/m^2)	24.1±0.6	22.8±0.6	0.3149^a
Waist circumference (cm)
Male	91.5±3.1	83.0±1.6	0.0435^*a
Female	81.6±1.7	82.5±2.7	0.9649^a
SBP (mmHg)	126.3±3.2	123.8±2.6	0.7096^a
DBP (mmHg)	76.3±2.5	75.7±2.2	0.5938^a
TG (mg/dL)	129.2±14.6	128.3±14.7	0.6802^a
HDL-cholesterol (mg/dL)	65.4±3.8	60.4±3.2	0.2515^a
FPG (mg/dL)	103.7±3.3	101.4±2.6	0.9278^a
Central obesity (yes/no)	11/16	7/15	0.5193^b
High blood pressure (yes/no)	16/11	13/9	0.9905^b
Dyslipidemia (yes/no)	12/15	11/11	0.6983^b
Hyperglycemia (yes/no)	8/19	7/15	0.8687^b
Concomitant drugs
Calcium channel blocker (yes/no)	8/19	7/15	0.8687^b
ARB or ACE inhibitor (yes/no)	3/24	4/18	0.4817^b
α or β blocker (yes/no)	3/24	1/21	0.4038^b
Statin (yes/no)	11/16	8/14	0.7544^b
Fibrate (yes/no)	1/26	0/22	0.3618^b
Sulfonylurea (yes/no)	3/24	1/21	0.4038^b
Thiazolidine analog (yes/no)	3/24	0/22	0.1066^b
α-glucosidase inhibitor (yes/no)	2/25	1/21	0.6777^b
Antiplatelet drug (yes/no)	1/26	0/22	0.3618^b
Season test 1 performed	6/14/5/2	9/5/8/0	0.0682^b
(Spring/Summer/Fall/Winter)

BMI: body mass index; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; TG: triglyceride; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; FPG: fasting plasma glucose; central obesity, waist circumference ≥ 85 cm (male), ≥90 cm (female); high blood pressure, SBP≥130 mmHg and/or DBP≥85 mmHg; dyslipidemia, TG≥150 mg/dL and/or HDL cholesterol < 40 mg/dL; hyperglycemia, FPG≥110 mg/dL; ARB: angiotensin II receptor blocker; ACE: angiotensin-converting enzyme; Spring: March 21 to June 20; Summer: June 21 to September 21; Fall: September 21 to December 20; Winter: December 21 to March 20.
^aComparison between group A and group B by Wilcoxon test.
^bComparison between group A and group B by Pearson’s chi-square test.
Data are expressed as mean ± S.E., ^∗𝑃<0.05.