Balanophora spicata and Lupeol Acetate Possess Antinociceptive and Anti-Inflammatory Activities In Vivo and In Vitro

Table 1

Effects of crude extract, each layer of Balanophora spicata and lupeol acetate (10, 25, and 50 mg/kg), acetylsalicylic acid (ASA, 150 mg/kg), and indomethacin (INDOL, 4 mg/kg) on the acetic acid-induced writhes in mice.

Groups	Dose (mg/kg)	Average writhing no.	Percentages of protection	IC50 (mg/kg)
VEH		27.89±1.56	—
Crude extract	10	21.43±2.04	23.2
	25	19.29±1.82 **	30.8	62.07
	50	17.36±1.61 ***	37.8
𝑛-hexane layer	10	20.00±1.04 *	29.0
	25	19.71±1.06 **	30.1	67.33
	50	17.91±1.56 ***	36.5
EtOAc layer	10	21.54±1.88	23.6
	25	18.70±3.00 **	33.7	56.81
	50	16.57±3.66 ***	41.2
𝑛-butanol layer	10	24.32±1.64	13.7
	25	24.13±2.51	14.4	91.36
	50	19.87±3.60 *	29.5
Water layer	10	20.66±0.93 *	26.7
	25	19.38±2.84 **	31.3	68.30
	50	18.21±1.94 **	35.4
Lupeol acetate	10	21.04±2.19	24.6
	25	15.08±2.46 ***	45.8	28.32
	50	4.56±1.58 ***	83.7
ASA	150	15.33±0.78 ***	45	166.56
INDOL	4	15.45±0.76 ***	45.2	4.484

Data are represented as mean ± S.E. 𝑁=6 per group. *𝑃<0.05, **𝑃<0.01, ***𝑃<0.001 as compared with the VEH group.