| Taxa/local name | IUCN | Part used | Therapeutic indication | Number of bodily systems | State | RI | Reference |
| Predominantly salt water |
| Chondrichthyes | | | | | | | | Orectolobiformes | | | | | | | |
| Ginglymostomatidae | | | | | | | |
| Ginglymostoma cirratum (Bonnaterre, 1788) | DD | Cartilage | Rheumatism | 1 | MA, PB | 0.138 | [7, 9] | (Nurse shark/Cação-lixa) | Carcharhiniformes | | | | | | | |
| Carcharhinidae | | | | | | | |
| Carcharhinus limbatus (Müller and Henle, 1839) | NT | Cartilage, fat | Osteoporosis | 1 | MA | 0.138 | [7–9, 16] | (Blacktip shark/Sucuri-da-galha-preta) | Carcharhinus porosus (Ranzani, 1839) | DD | Cartilage, fat | Asthma, rheumatism, wounds, inflammations, osteoporosis | 3 | MA, BA, PA | 0.492 | [7, 9] | (Smalltail/Cação-do-salgado) | Carcharhinus leucas (Muller and Henle, 1839) (Bull shark/Tubarão) | NT | — | — | — | PE | — | [3] | Galeocerdo cuvier (Péron and Lesueur, 1822) | NT | Cartilage, fat | Osteoporosis | 1 | MA, PI | 0.138 | [7, 9] | (Tiger shark/Jaguará) | Rhizoprionodon lalandii (Müller and Henle, 1839) | DD | Cartilage, fat | Rheumatism | 1 | PB, BA | 0.138 | [7, 9, 16] | (Sharpnose shark/cação-frango) Rhizoprionodon porosus (Poey, 1861) (Caribbean sharpnose shark/Cação de praia) | LC | Cartilage, fat | Rheumatism | 1 | PB, BA | 0.138 | [7, 9, 16] |
| Sphyrnidae | | | | | | | |
| Sphyrna lewini (Griffith and Smith, 1834) | EN | Liver oil | Asthma, wounds, rheumatism | 3 | BA | 0.415 |
[2] | (Scalloped hammerhead/Cação-martelo) | Pristiformes | | | | | | | |
| Pristidae | | | | | | | |
| Pristis perotteti Muller and Henlle 1842 | CR | Rostral expansion | Rheumatism, arthritis | 1 | PA | 0.138 | [9] | (Sawfish/Espadarte) | | | | | | | | Pristis pectinata (Latham, 1794) Smalltooth sawfish/espadarte | CR | Rostral expansion | Asthma, rheumatism, arthritis | 2 | — | 0.135 | [18] | Rajiformes | | | | | | | |
| Narcinidae | | | | | | | |
| Narcine Braziliensis (Olfers, 1831) | DD | Fat | Tooth pain | 1 | BA | 0.138 | [2, 4] | (Brazilian electric ray/Raia elétrica) | | | | | | | | Rajidae | | | | | | | |
| Atlantoraja cyclophora (Regan, 1903) | VU | Eggs | Postpartum hemorrhage | 1 | RJ | 0.138 | [19] | (Eyespot skate/Almofadinha/barata do mar) | | | | | | | |
| Dasyatidae | | | | | | | |
| Dasyatis guttata (Bloch and Schneider, 1801) | DD | Teeth, liver oil, tail, ventral mucus, liver | Asthma, wounds caused by the fish itself, burns on the skin | 2 | PB | 0.315 | [7, 9] | (Longnose stingray/Raia branca) | Dasyatis marianae Gomes, Rosa, and Gadig, 2000 | DD |
Teeth, liver oil, tail, ventral mucus, liver | Asthma, wounds caused by the fish itself, burns on the skin | 2 | PB | 0.315 | [7, 9] | (Brazilian large-eyed stingray/raia mariquita) | | | | | | | |
| Myliobatidae | | | | | | | |
| Aetobatus narinari (Euphrasen, 1790) | NT | Teeth, liver oil, tail, ventral mucus, liver | Asthma, wounds caused by the fish itself, burns on the skin, and hemorrhages | 3 | PA, PI, PB | 0.453 | [7, 9] | (Spotted eagle ray/raia-chita) | | | | | | | |
| Urotrygonidae | | | | | | | |
| Urotrygon microphthalmum (Delsman, 1941) | LC | Teeth, liver oil, tail, ventral mucus, liver | Asthma, wounds caused by the fish itself, burns on the skin | 2 | PB | 0.315 | [7, 9] | (small-eyed, round stingray/raia) | Actinopterygii | | | | | | | | Elopiformes | | | | | | | |
| Megalopidae | | | | | | | |
| Megalops atlanticus Valenciennes, 1847 | NE | Scale | Asthma, lack of air, headache, stroke | 3 | MA, PB, AL | 0.454 | [7–9, 20] | (Tarpon/Camurupim/Cangurupim) | Anguilliformes | | | | | | | |
| Muraenidae | | | | | | | |
| Gymnothorax funebris Ranzani, 1840 | NE | Meat | Wounds | 1 | PB | 0.138 | [7, 9] | (Green moray/moréia verde) | Gymnothorax moringa (Cuvier, 1829) | NE | Meat | Wounds | 1 | PB | 0.138 | [7, 9] | (Spotted moray/moréia pintada) | Gymnothorax vicinus (Castelnau, 1855) (Purple mouth moray/moréia) | NE | Meat | Wounds | 1 | PB | 0.138 | [7, 9] |
| Clupeiformes | | | | | | | |
| Clupeidae | | | | | | | |
| Opisthonema oglinum (Lesueur, 1818) (Atlantic thread herring/sardinha) | NE | Entire | Alcoholism | 1 | PB | 0.138 | [7, 9] | Siluriformes | | | | | | | | Ariidae | | | | | | | |
| Bagre bagre (Linnaeus, 1758) | NE | Entire | Wounds caused by the fish itself | 1 | BA | 0.138 | [2, 21] | (Coco sea catfish/bagre-fidalgo) | | | | | | | | Genidens barbus (Lacepède, 1803) | NE | Entire | Wounds caused by the fish itself | 1 | BA | 0.138 | [2, 21] | (White sea catfish/bagre-do-mar) | Genidens genidens (Valenciennes, 1840) | LC | Eye | Wounds caused by the fish itself | 1 | BA | 0.138 | [22] | (Guri sea catfish/Bagre) | Aspistor luniscutis (Valenciennes, 1840) | NE | Entire | Wounds caused by the fish itself | 1 | BA | 0.138 | [2, 21] | (bagre-urutu) | Gadiformes | | | | | | | |
| Gadidae | | | | | | | |
| Gadus morhua Linnaeus, 1958 | VU | Fat, skin | Rheumatism, furuncle, back pain | 2 | PB, BA | 0.315 | [2, 23] |
| (Atlantic Cod, bacalhau) | Batrachoidiformes | | | | | | | |
| Batrachoididae | | | | | | | |
| Thalassophryne nattereri (Steindachner, 1876) | NE | Meat, eye, and brain | Wounds caused by the fish itself | 1 | MA, PI, BA | 0.138 | [2, 7, 9] | (niquim) | Lophiiformes | | | | | | | |
| Ogcocephalidae | | | | | | | |
| Ogcocephalus vespertilio (Linnaeus, 1758) | NE | Entire | Asthma, bronchitis, rheumatism, arthritis | 2 | MA, PB, RJ | 0.354 | [7–9, 19] | (Seadevil/Peixe morcego) | Beryciformes | | | | | | | |
| Holocentridae | | | | | | | |
| Holocentrus adscensionis (Osbeck, 1765) | NE | Sting | Wounds | 1 | RJ | 0.138 |
[19] | (Squirrelfish/Jaguariçá) | Gasterosteiformes | | | | | | | |
| Syngnathidae | | | | | | | |
| Hippocampus erectus Perry, 1810 (Lined seahorse/Cavalo-marinho) | VU | Entire | Alcoholism, thromboses, impotence, diabetes, osteoporosis, heart disease, bronchitis, cancer, asthma, and rheumatism | 6 | Brazil | 0.985 | [21] | Hippocampus reidi Ginsburg, 1933 (Longsnout seahorse/Cavalo-marinho) | DD | Entire | Edema, asthma, bronchitis, impotence, thromboses, hemorrhage, hemorrhage in women, postpartum disorders, gastritis, tuberculosis, epilepsy, alcoholism, increasing female fertility, osteoporosis, heart disease cancer, asthma, rheumatism, avoiding miscarriage | 10 | RJ, PE, RN, PB, CE, BA, MA, PI, Brazil | 1.731 | [1, 2, 4, 7–9, 19, 24–29] | Perciformes | | | | | | | |
| Centropomidae | | | | | | | |
| Centropomus undecimalis (Bloch, 1792) | NE | Fat | Swollen legs, edema | 1 | BA | 0.177 | [2] | (Common snook/Robalo) | | | | | | | |
| Sparidae | | | | | | | |
| Calamus penna (Valenciennes, 1830) | NE | Fin | Asthma | 1 | BA | 0.138 | [2] | (Sheepshead porgy/peixe-pena) | | | | | | | |
| Sciaenidae | | | | | | | |
| Cynoscion acoupa (Lacepède 1802) | LC | Otoliths | Renal insufficiency | 1 | MA | 0.138 |
[8] | (Acoupa weakfish/Pescada amarela) | Cynoscion leiarchus (Curvier 1830) | NE | Otoliths, Head | Renal insufficiency, lack of air | 1 | MA, PB | 0.177 | [8, 30] | (Smooth weakfish/Pescada branca) | Micropogonias furnieri (Desmarest, 1823) | NE | Otoliths | Bronchitis | 1 | RJ | 0.138 | [29] |
| Trichiuridae | | | | | | | |
| Trichiurus lepturus (Linnaeus, 1758) (largehead hairtail/peixe espada) | NE | Tail | Asthma | 1 | — | 0.138 |
[18] | Tetraodontiformes | | | | | | | |
| Balistidae | | | | | | | |
| Balistes vetula Linnaeus, 1758 | VU | Skin | Asthma, back pain | 2 | MA | 0.277 |
[8] |
| (Queen-triggerfish/cangulo) | Balistes capriscus Gmelin, 1789 | NE | Skin | Bronchitis | | RJ | 0.138 | [29] | (Grey-triggerfish/capucho) | | | | | | | |
| Tetraodontidae | | | | | | | |
| Colomesus psittacus (Bloch and Schneider, 1801) (Banded puffer/Baiacú) | NE | Liver oil, bile | Breast cancer, back pain, warts | 3 | MA | 0.415 | [7, 9] |
| Sphoeroides testudineus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Checkered puffer/Baiacú) | NE | Fat | Rheumatism | 1 | BA | 0.138 | [1] |
| Predominantly fresh water |
| Chondrichthyes | | | | | | | | Rajiformes | | | | | | | |
| Potamotrygonidae | | | | | | | |
| Paratrygon ajereba (Walbaum, 1792) | DD | Spur, Fat | Asthma, cold, cough, ear pain, pneumonia, umbilical hernia, burns on the skin | 3 | TO | 0.569 |
[31] | (Discus ray/raia) | Plesiotrygon iwamae (Rosa, Castello and Thorson, 1987) (Long-tailed river stingray/Arraia) | DD | Fat | Wounds caused by the fish itself, cracks on the soles of feet, wounds | 1 | PA | 0.138 | [9] | Potamotrygon hystrix (Müller and Henle, 1841) (Porcupine river stingray/Raia) | DD | Spur, Fat | Asthma, cold, cough, ear pain, pneumonia, umbilical hernia, burns on the skin | 3 | TO | 0.569 | [31] | Potamotrygon motoro (Müller and Henle, 1841) (South American freshwater stingray/Raia) | DD | Spur, Fat | Asthma, cold, cough, ear pain, pneumonia, umbilical hernia, burns on the skin | 3 | TO | 0.569 | [31] | Potamotrygon orbignyi (Castelnau, 1855) | LC | Fat | Wounds caused by the fish itself | 1 | PA | 0.138 | [9] | (Smooth back river stingray/Arraia) | | | | | | | | Actinopterygii | | | | | | | | Osteoglossiformes | | | | | | | |
| Arapaimidae | | | | | | | |
| Arapaima gigas (Cuvier, 1829) | DD | scale | Asthma | 1 | PA | 0.138 | [8] | (Arapaima/arapaima, pirarucu) | | | | | | | |
| Osteoglossidae | | | | | | | |
| Osteoglossum ferreirai Kanazawa, 1966 (Black arawana/Aruanã) | LC | scale | Dermatological problems | 1 | AM | 0.138 | [32] | (Arapaima/arapaima, pirarucu) | | | | | | | | (Cruvina, Crumatá) | | Fat, meat | | | | | | Prochilodus nigricans Agassiz 1829 | NE | Fat, gall, meat | Inflammations, cholesterol, burns on the skin, wounds, rheumatism, chilblains, malaria, whooping cough | 5 | CE, TO, Brazil | 0.808 | [27, 33, 34] | (Black prochilodus/Curimatã, Papa-terra) | |
| Anostomidae | | | | | | | |
| Leporinus piau Fowler, 1941 | NE | Fat | Rheumatism | 1 | BA | 0.138 |
[35] | (Piau) | Leporinus steindachneri Eigenmann 1907 (Piau) | NE | Fat | Cholesterol | 1 | CE | 0.138 | [27] |
| Schizodon knerii (Steindachner, 1875) (Piau branco) | NE | Fat | Edema, leukoma | 2 | AL | 0.277 | [20] |
| Characidae | | | | | | | |
| Brycon nattereri Günther, 1864 | NE | Meat | Flu | 1 | BA | 0.138 | [36] | (Matrinchã) | Piaractus brachypomus (Cuvier, 1818) | NE | Fat | Scarring | 1 | TO | 0.138 | [37] | (Pirapatinga/Caranha) | Serrasalmus brandtii Lütken, 1875 | NE | Tail, gall, fat | Impotency, jaundice, edema, inflammations | 3 | BA, AL | 0.454 | [20, 22, 35] | (White piranha/Piranha) | | | | | | | | Mylossoma duriventre (Cuvier, 1818) (Pacu manteiga) | NE | Fat | STDs | 1 | TO | 0.138 | [31] |
| Incertae sedis in Characidae | | | | | | | |
| Astyanax cf. bimaculatus (Linnaeus, 1758) | NE | Entire | Alcoholism | 1 | BA | 0.138 |
[2] | (Two-spot astyanax/Piaba) | Chalceus macrolepidotus Cuvier, 1818 | NE | Entire, eye | Asthma | 1 | AM | 0.138 | [11] | (Pink tailed chalceus/Araripirá) | | | | | | | | Paracheirodon axelrodi (Schultz, 1956) | NE | Entire | Asthma | 1 | AM | 0.138 | [11] | (Cardinal tetra/Cardinal) | Salminus hilarii Valenciennes, 1850 | NE | Head | Memory | 1 | TO | 0.138 | [37] | (Dourado) | |
| Cynodontidae | | | | | | | |
| Hydrolycus scomberoides (Cuvier, 1819) (Payara/Cachorra) | NE | Fat | Ear pain | 1 | TO | 0.138 | [31] |
| Erythrinidae | | | | | | | |
| Erythrinus erythrinus (Bloch and Schneider, 1801) | NE | Entire | Asthma | 1 | AL | 0.138 |
[20] | (Matroê) | | | | | | | Hoplias lacerdae Miranda Ribeiro, 1908 (Trahira/Traírão) | NE | Fat | Rheumatism, “vilide” | 2 | BA | 0.277 | [35] |
| Hoplias malabaricus (Bloch 1794) (Trahira/Traíra) | NE | Fat, epidermal secretion, “bucho”, entire, head, scale, meat | Alcoholism, ear pain, inflammations, cholesterol, sore throat, umbilical cord inflammation, contusions, inflamed ear, hearing problems, ocular inflammation, urinary infection, deafness, asthma, muscle strain, erysipelas, wounds, hemorrhages, snakebite, conjunctivitis, edema, rheumatism, leukoma, stroke, asthma, diarrhea, vision problems | 10 | AC, BA, RN, PA, PB, MA, PE, AL, TO | 2.000 | [1, 2, 8, 9, 11, 16, 20, 22, 24, 27, 28, 30, 31, 33, 36, 38] | Siluriformes | | | | | | | |
| Cetopsidae | | | | | | | |
| Cetopsis candiru Spix and Agassiz, 1829 | NE | Meat | Whooping cough | 1 | TO | 0.138 | [37] | (Candiru) | | | | | | | |
| Aspredinidae | | | | | | | |
| Aspredinichthys tibicen (Valenciennes, 1840) | NE | Barbels | Asthma | 1 | MA | 0.138 | [7, 9] | (Tenbarbed banjo/viola) | Aspredo aspredo (Linnaeus, 1758) | NE | Barbels | Asthma | 1 | MA | 0.138 | [7, 9] | (Banjo/viola) | | | | | | | |
| Callichthyidae | | | | | | | |
| Callichthys callichthys (Linnaeus, 1758) | NE | Entire | Asthma, umbilical hernia, bronchitis, helping a child to walk earlier | 3 | BA, AL | 0.454 | [2, 20, 39] | (Cascudo/Caboje) | | | | | | | |
| Pimelodidae | | | | | | | |
| Brachyplatystoma filamentosum (Lichtenstein, 1819) (Kumakuma/Filhote) | NE | Fin | Cough, alcoholism | 2 | TO | 0.277 | [37] | Phractocephalus hemioliopterus (Bloch and Schneider, 1801) (Redtail catfish/Pirarara) | NE | Fat | Burns on the skin, rheumatism, cough, wounds, bronchitis, whooping cough, hoarseness, pneumonia, asthma, cold, umbilical hernia | 3 | AM, TO, Brazil | 0.723 | [11, 31, 34, 37] | Pseudoplatystoma corruscans (Spix and Agassiz, 1829) | NE | Fat | Burns on the skin | 1 | BA | 0.138 | [36] | (Spotted sorubim/Surubim) | Pseudoplatystoma fasciatum (Linnaeus, 1766) (Barred sorubim/pintado) | NE | Fat, gall | Scarring, whooping cough, body pain, muscular pains, bone pain, bronchitis, stroke | 5 | TO | 0.769 | [37] | Sorubimichthys planiceps (Spix and Agassiz, 1829) | NE | Meat | Tuberculosis, leishmaniasis | 2 | TO | 0.277 | [31] | (Firewood catfish/Surubim-chicote) | | | | | | | | Zungaro zungaro (Humboldt, 1821) (Gilded catfish/Jaú) | NE | Fat, skin, meat | Bronchitis, asthma, burns on the skin, rheumatism, cold, ear pain, tooth pain, chilblains | 6 | TO | 0.908 | [31, 37] |
| Doradidae | | | | | | | |
| Lithodoras dorsalis (Valenciennes, 1840) | NE | Fat | Swelling | 1 | PA | 0.138 |
[9] | (Rock-bacu/bacu) | Oxydoras niger (Valenciennes, 1821) (Ripsaw catfish/Abotoado) | NE | Fat | Asthma, bronchitis, grippe, scarring, dry skin | 3 | TO | 0.492 | [37] |
| Auchenipteridae | | | | | | | |
| Trachelyopterus galeatus (Linnaeus, 1766) (Driftwood catfishes/Cumbá) | NE | Entire, spur | Impotence, umbilical hernia, asthma | 3 | BA, AL | 0.415 | [20, 35, 40, 41] |
| Megalodoras uranoscopus (Eigenmann and Eigenmann, 1888) (cuiú-cuiú) | NE | Fat | Rheumatism | 1 | TO | 0.138 | [31] | Pterodoras granulosus (Valenciennes, 1821) (Granulated catfish/cuiú-cuiú) | NE | Fat | Rheumatism | 1 | TO | 0.138 | [31] | Gymnotiformes | | | | | | | |
| Gymnotidae | | | | | | | |
| Electrophorus electricus (Linnaeus 1756) (Electric eel/Peixe Elétrico, Poraquê) | LC | Entire, fat, spin, and bone | Acne, alcoholism, asthma, itching, contusions, headache, back pain, muscular pains, wounds, swelling, spots on the skin, osteoporosis, snake bite, insect bite, pneumonia, cold, rheumatism, deafness, muscle strain, thrombosis, tuberculosis | 8 | RN, PE, DF, AC, PA, MA, PI, PB, TO, BA | 1.608 | [1, 7–9, 12, 17, 27, 28, 31, 37] | Synbranchiformes | | | | | | | |
| Synbranchidae | | | | | | | |
| Synbranchus marmoratus Bloch, 1795 (Marbled swamp eel/muçum) | NE | Entire | Making the child walk sooner, bronchitis, asthma, bronchitis, umbilical hernia | 3 | BA | 0.454 | [2, 39] | Perciformes | | | | | | | |
| Sciaenidae | | | | | | | |
| Pachyurus francisci (Cuvier, 1830) (San Francisco croaker/Cruvina, curvina-de-bico) | NE | Otoliths | Asthma, back pain, diuretic effect, renal insufficiency | 3 | BA | 0.454 |
[36] | Plagioscion squamosissimus (Heckel, 1840) | NE | Otoliths | Kidney stones, renal insufficiency, urinary infection, hemorrhages, snake bite | 3 | TO | 0.492 | [31, 37] | (South American silver croaker/Corvina) | Plagioscion surinamensis (Bleeker, 1873) | NE | Otoliths | Urinary infection, hemorrhages, snakebite | 3 | TO | 0.41538 | [31] | (Pacora/Corvina) | | | | | | | |
|
|