Morinda citrifolia (Noni) Juice Augments Mammary Gland Differentiation and Reduces Mammary Tumor Growth in Mice Expressing the Unactivated c-erbB2 Transgene
Figure 1
Chronic administration of 10% TNJ affects mammary tumor size, but not tumor development, in female MMTV-neu mice. (a) Survival curves show mammary tumor incidence with age. The percent of tumor-free MMTV-neu females for the control and TNJ-treated groups up to the maximum age of 14 months are not significantly different (Gehan-Breslow-Wilcoxon test). Black arrow indicates maximal primary mammary tumor incidence at approximately 14 months of age. Control: 72.2%; 10% TNJ: 75.6%. (b) The average weight of the first detected mammary tumor for TNJ-treated mice was found to be significantly reduced (, Mann Whitney test) compared to control mice . Only solid tumors that remained separate from other tumors and had time to grow to a maximum volume of at least 800 mm3 were used for the volume and weight calculations. (c) The average, noncystic mammary tumor volume for the first detected tumor in TNJ-treated mice was smaller than for the control group , , Mann Whitney test. Tumor volume was measured on 3 dimensions after dissection. (d) To correlate with length of time each tumor had to grow for the first detected mammary tumor, the time between detection and death was determined for the mice in (b) and (c). The same animals were used to evaluate both tumor volume and weight ( for control and for TNJ). No significant difference was detected by the Mann Whitney test. Mean ± SEM are shown; TNJ: Tahitian Noni Juice; *indicates significance, , by the Mann-Whitney test.
