Botanical Extracts from Rosehip (Rosa canina), Willow Bark (Salix alba), and Nettle Leaf (Urtica dioica) Suppress IL-1-Induced NF-κB Activation in Canine Articular Chondrocytes
Figure 10
Cultivation of chondrocytes in a 3-dimensional culture system (High-density cultures) in vitro in the presence of botanical extracts. Chondrocytes were treated with botanical extracts (10 μg/mL) or IL-1β (10 ng/mL) alone for 24 h before being treated with IL-1β (10 ng/mL) for 7 days in high-density cultures. Control cultures of chondrocytes showed well-developed cartilage nodules (a). Treatment with IL-1β resulted in cell destruction after 7 days (b). After the cotreatment of high-density cultures with botanical extracts and IL-1β (panels c–e) or in the absence of IL-1β (panels f–h) the chondrocytes exhibited well-developed cartilage nodules. ×4000; bars: 1 μm. Treatments: Rosa canina + IL-1β, panel (c); Salix alba + IL-1β, panel (d); Urtica dioica + IL-1β, panel (e); Rosa canina without IL-1β, panel (f); Salix alba without IL-1β, panel (g); Urtica dioica without IL-1β, panel (h).
