Auricular Acupressure for Managing Postoperative Pain and Knee Motion in Patients with Total Knee Replacement: A Randomized Sham Control Study

Table 1

Demographic and clinical characteristics of the study groups.

	Acupressure (𝑛=31)	Sham control (𝑛=31)	P value (between group)
Age^a (range 46–88)	71.23 ± 7.09	70.74 ± 8.09	.803
BMI^a	27.19 ± 3.08	28.73 ± 4.14	.103
Gender^b
Male	3 (9.7)	6 (19.4)	.473
Female	28 (90.3)	25 (80.6)
Religious belief ^b
Yes	27 (87.1)	23 (74.2)	.335
No	4 (12.9)	8 (25.8)
Marital status^b
Married	18 (58.1)	23 (74.2)	.283
Widowed/separated	13 (41.9)	8 (25.8)
Education^b
Illiterate	11 (35.5)	9 (29.0)	.786
Primary school or higher	20 (64.5)	22 (71.0)
Occupation^b
No	29 (93.5)	24 (77.4)	.147
Yes	2 (6.5)	7 (22.6)
Joint replacement history^a
Yes	5 (16.1)	4 (12.9)	1.00
No	26 (83.9)	27 (87.1)
Surgical site^b
Left	14 (45.2)	17 (54.8)	.612
Right	17 (54.8)	14 (45.2)

^aIndependent t-test; ^bChi-Square test.