Ferulsinaic Acid Modulates SOD, GSH, and Antioxidant Enzymes in Diabetic Kidney

Table 1

Physiological, biochemical, and renal functional parameters of the rats.

	Normal control	DN	DN + MF	DN + FA1	DN + FA2	DN + FA3
Initial body weight, g	190.3±9.5	192.4±8	191.5±7.4	190.9±7	193±9.2	191.3±6.9
Final body weight, g	265.5±8.1	163.9±9.2^a	206.3±8.5^a,b	201.3±17.5^a,b	211.2±8.9^a,b	212±11.3^a,b
Glucose, mmol/L	4.98±0.48	16.15±1.55^a	6.2±1.59^a,b,d	8.2±1.5^a,b,d	7.81±1.3	7.31±0.59^a,b,c
Kidney/body weight, g/g, ×10^−3	6.29±0.35	11.2±1.52^a	8.1±1.2^a,b	8.5±1.31^a,b,d	7.9±1.39^a,b	7.5±1.5^a,b,c
BUN, mmol/L	6.81±1.3	12.35±3.1^a	9.59±1.65^a,b	11.34±1.35^a,d	9.2±1.1^a,b,c	8.55±1.29^a,b,c
Serum creatinine, mmol/L	50.6±7.1	65.12±8.7^a	57.9±6.5^a	62.1±5.9^a,d	54.3±3.4^a,b,c	52.16±6.8^a,b,c
Ccr mL min^−1 kg^−1	3.39±0.4	6.39±0.6^a	4.52±0.35^a,b	4.45±0.41^a,b	3.98±0.51^b	3.75±0.46^b,
U prot, mg/24 h	8±1.1	23.6±2.5^a	16.8±2.5^a,b	18.9±2.1^a,b,d	16.2±2.9^a,b	15.5±2.25^a,b,c
Serum sodium, mmol/L	145.1±5.3	191±10.5^a	153.5±13.7^a,b	167.5±8.9^a,b,d	155.3±9.3^a,b,c	148.3±2.3^b,c,d
Serum potassium, mmol/L	4.77±0.54	7.24±0.98^a	5.45±0.5^b	6.8±0.51^a,d	5.65±0.66^a,b,c	5.15±0.54^b,c
Serum IL-6, g/mL	81.2±0.44	672.2±15.6^a	256.5±13.2^a,b	454.1±1233^a,b,d	344.8±14.7^a,b,c	261.2±12.34^a,b,c,d

Data are expressed as the means ± SD. DN: diabetes group; FA1, FA2, FA3, and MF: diabetic rats treated with low dose (5 mg/kg) of FA (DN + FA1), middle dose (50 mg/kg) of FA (DN + FA2), high dose (500 mg/kg) of FA (DN + FA3), and (125 mg/kg) of metformin (DN + MF), respectively. Each group consisted of 10 animals.
^a𝑃<0 .05 versus normal control group; ^b𝑃<0.05 versus DN group; ^c𝑃<0.05 versus DN + FA1 group; ^d𝑃<0.05 versus DN + FA2 group.