Ferulsinaic Acid Modulates SOD, GSH, and Antioxidant Enzymes in Diabetic Kidney

Table 2

Oxidant/antioxidant parameters as well as concentration of AGEs, CML, and IL-6 of rat kidney.

	Normal control	DN	DN + MF	DN + FA1	DN + FA2	DN + FA3
SOD, U/mg protein	21.3±3.12	8.9±2.1^a	18.25±1.55^a,b,d	15.5±1.8^a,b,d	19.93±1.4^b,c	20.5±1.55^b,c
GSH, nmol/mg protein	25.6±2.12	17.41±2.13^a	20.4±2.2^a,b	19.85±2.19^a,b	20.29±2.17^a,b	23.78±1.33^b,c,d
MDA, nmol/g protein	3.32±0.2	7.1±0.7^a	5.1±0.35^a,b,c	6.2±0.21^a,b,d	5.05±0.5	4.07±0.13^b,c,d
AGEs, AU	3.4±0.2	7.1±0.4^a	4.2±0.3^b,c	6.2±0.35^a,b,d	4.85±0.55^a,b,c	3.9±0.6^b,c
CML, ng/mg protein	22.2±5.5	48.16±6.1^a	30.5±3.5^a,b,c	40.8±5.4^a,b,d	32.3±4.8^a,b,c	29.5±4.1^a,b,c,d
IL-6, ng/mg protein	115±2.5	1350±45^a	560±24^a,b,c,d	850±35^a,b,d	628±31^a,b,c	490±28^a,b,c,d

Data are expressed as the means ± SD. DN: diabetes group; FA1, FA2, FA3, and MF: diabetic rats treated with low dose (5 mg/kg) of FA (DN + FA1), middle dose (50 mg/kg) of FA (DN + FA2), high dose (500 mg/kg) of FA (DN + FA3), and (125 mg/kg) of metformin (DN + MF), respectively. Each group consisted of 10 animals.
^a𝑃<0.05 versus normal control group, ^b𝑃<0.05 versus DN group, ^c𝑃<0.05 versus DN + FA1 group, ^d𝑃<0.05 versus DN + FA2 group.