A schematic representation of the diverse mechanisms involved in HLXL-induced suppression of AA. HLXL attenuated arthritis via suppressing the disease-regulating chemokines (regulated upon activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted: RANTES; monocyte chemotactic protein-1: MCP-1; macrophage inflammatory protein-1α: MIP-1α; growth regulated oncogene-keratinocyte chemoattractant: GRO/KC), matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9), and cytokines (IL-6 and IL-17). (S; spleen, L; lymph node, IJ; inflamed joint, Mtb; heat-killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra).