Acute and 28-Day Subchronic Oral Toxicity of an Ethanol Extract of Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Smith in Rodents

Table 3

Effects of subchronic oral administration of the ethanol extract of Z. zerumbet rhizomes (EEZZ) on biochemical parameters of Wistar rats.

Parameter	Female				Male
	Vehicle	EEZZ (mg kg^−1 per day)			Vehicle	EEZZ (mg kg^−1 per day)
		1000	2000	3000		1000	2000	3000
Glucose (mg dL^−1)	81.30 ± 7.73	84.51 ± 5.35	82.10 ± 6.19	85.88 ± 7.34	87.62 ± 5.29	89.02 ± 6.14	92.38 ± 5.21	98.62 ± 4.52
BUN (mg dL^−1)	44.83± 2.14	45.76 ± 2.16	45.82 ± 1.98	43.51 ± 1.79	45.24 ± 1.63	46.26 ± 1.93	46.76 ± 1.72	43.52 ± 2.11
Creatinine (mg dL^−1)	0.56 ± 0.01	0.56 ± 0.02	0.58 ± 0.01	0.55 ± 0.01	0.56 ± 0.01	0.57 ± 0.01	0.58 ± 0.01	0.56 ± 0.01
AST (U L^−1)	149.51 ± 10.38	149.81 ± 11.51	146.24 ± 10.94	147.64 ± 12.87	143.54 ± 12.48	144.62 ± 11.29	145.83 ± 13.54	144.85 ± 10.76
ALT (U L^−1)	71.46 ± 3.21	73.85 ± 3.19	72.25 ± 3.62	74.38 ± 2.85	70.77 ± 2.54	79.00 ± 3.47	75.58 ± 3.26	72.54 ± 2.78
Total cholesterol (mg dL^−1)	96.50 ± 4.84	98.28 ± 5.70	100.41 ± 4.66	98.21 ± 5.50	97.77 ± 4.20	97.58 ± 5.28	93.05 ± 4.24	94.12 ± 5.15
Triglycerides (mg dL^−1)	76.85 ± 7.65	74.23 ± 7.78	74.31 ± 8.10	73.41 ± 7.53	80.52 ± 5.67	82.45 ± 6.90	83.41 ± 8.41	82.10 ± 8.13
HDL (mg dL^−1)	65.59 ± 3.77	61.83 ± 3.65	63.84 ± 3.24	65.72 ± 3.57	43.10 ± 2.51	40.52 ± 1.17	42.03 ± 1.89	41.30 ± 1.68
Amylase (U L^−1)	515.26 ± 31.56	485.62 ± 37.97	482.50 ± 38.96	498.64 ± 31.67	702.64 ± 59.21	682.43 ± 29.07	714.65 ± 35.41	664.32 ± 56.11
GGT (U L^−1)	2.47 ± 0.02	2.49 ± 0.01	2.48 ± 0.02	2.50 ± 0.01	2.53 ± 0.01	2.54 ± 0.02	2.51 ± 0.03	2.50 ± 0.02
Total bilirubin (mg dL^−1)	0.18 ± 0.01	0.17± 0.01	0.17 ± 0.01	0.18 ± 0.01	0.16 ± 0.01	0.17 ± 0.01	0.17 ± 0.01	0.16 ± 0.01
Direct bilirubin (mg dL^−1)	0.06 ± 0.01	0.06 ± 0.01	0.05 ± 0.01	0.05 ± 0.01	0.05 ± 0.01	0.05 ± 0.01	0.04 ± 0.01	0.05 ± 0.01
Indirect bilirubin (mg dL^−1)	0.12 ± 0.01	0.11 ± 0.01	0.12 ± 0.01	0.13 ± 0.02	0.11 ± 0.01	0.12 ± 0.01	0.13 ± 0.01	0.11 ± 0.01

Wistar rats (n = 10 per group) were administered EEZZ by daily gavage for 4 weeks. Data are expressed as mean ± SD.