| First author year | Subjects (trial/control) | Age (years) | Intervention | Main outcome measures | Course of disease (d) | Course of treatment (d) | Trial group | Control group | Trial group+ | Control group |
| Zhang 2010 [12] | 82/82 | 51–77 | 50–78 | BHD* | WCM** | TER, NDS | <7 | 30 | Wu 2011 [23] | 35/35 | 59.8 ± 7.3 | 60.5 ± 8.1 | BHD* plus two-toothed achyranthes root and syndrome differentiation | WCM** | TER | <1 | 28 | Zhang 2004 [24] | 40/40 | 45–70 | 42–80 | BHD* plus syndrome differentiation | WCM** | TER, NDS | <3 | 15 | Guo 2009 [25] | 57/30 | 48–78 | 47–80 | BHD* plus syndrome differentiation | WCM** | TER, NDS | <3 | 15 | Jia 2010 [26] | 32/28 | 31–70 | 30–70 | BHD* | WCM** | TER | <3 | 14 | Fang 2005 [27] | 65/72 | 68.7 ± 0.8 | 67.2 ± 0.7 | BHD* plus stiff silkworm | WCM** | TER | <3 | 30 | Zhang 2012 [28] | 34/36 | 64.8 ± 5.6 | 65.2 ± 5.2 | BHD* plus pangolin scales, grassleaf sweetflag rhizome, milkwort root, stiff silkworm, two-toothed achyranthes root, and bile arisaema based on syndrome differentiation | WCM** | TER | <2 | 45 | Li 2011 [29] | 33/33 | 75–81 | 75–80 | BHD* plus syndrome differentiation | WCM** | ESS | <3 | 14 | Kang 2006 [30] | 36/38 | 48–80 | 49–82 | BHD* plus danshen root | WCM** | TER, NDS | <3 | 15 | Lin 2008 [31] | 32/30 | 50–75 | 50–75 | BHD* plus scorpion and leech | WCM** | TER | <3 | nr | Chen 2007 [32] | 33/32 | 61.6 ± 4.7 | 58.7 ± 5.6 | BHD* | WCM** | TER, NDS | <3 | 14 | Yan 2004 [33] | 60/60 | 46–78 | 46–80 | BHD* plus tangshen | WCM** | TER | <7 | 20 | Cui 2005 [34] | 50/30 | 55–71 | 56–68 | BHD* plus tangshen, fragrant solomonseal rhizome, common aucklandia root, bile arisaema, and white mustard seed based on syndrome differentiation | WCM** | TER | <7 | 20 | Liu 2010 [35] | 55/55 | 39–74 | 39–75 | BHD* plus danshen root and plus syndrome differentiation
| WCM** | TER | <3 | 14 | Shi 1995 [36] | 21/20 | 62.9 ± 7.5 | 63.3 ± 11.9 | BHD* plus cassia twig and danshen root
| WCM** | TER | <3 | 10 | Run 2001 [37] | 24/24 | 48–76 | 45–77 | BHD* plus syndrome differentiation | WCM** | TER | <3 | 28 | Wang 2005 [38] | 64/64 | 36–65 | 40–71 | BHD* plus stiff silkworm, cicada slough, bile arisaema, grassleaf sweetflag rhizome, and syndrome differentiation | WCM** | TER, NDS | <7 | 14 | Lv 2009 [39] | 35/35 | 64.71 ± 10.63 | 63.31 ± 10.47 | BHD* plus two-toothed achyranthes root and syndrome differentiation | WCM** | TER, NDS | <3 | 30 | Zheng 2004 [40] | 27/22 | 65.6 ± 6.3 | 62.6 ± 6.8 | BHD* | WCM** | TER, NDS | <3 | 21 |
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Notes: BHD: buyang huanwu decoction, WCM: western conventional medicines, TER: total effective rate, NDS: neurological deficit score; +: mean same as the control group treatment. *BHD is composed of seven kinds of Chinese medicine: Huangqi (Radix Astragali seu Hedysari), Danggui (Radix Angelicae Sinensis), Chishao (Radix Paeoniae Rubra), Chuanxiong (Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong), Honghua (Flos Carthami), Taoren (Semen Persicae), and Dilong (Pheretima). **WCM refer to the combination of needed therapies of the following aspects: (1) general supportive care mainly include: (A) airway, ventilatory support, and supplemental oxygen, (B) cardiac monitoring and treatment, (C) temperature, (D) blood pressure, E. blood sugar, and F. nutrition; (2) specialized care mainly include a variety of measures to improve cerebral blood circulation (such as antiplatelet agents, anticoagulants, fibrinogen-depleting agents, volume expansion, and vasodilators, except thrombolytic agents) and neuroprotective agents; (3) treatment of acute complications mainly include: (A) brain edema and elevated intracranial pressure, (B) seizures, (C) dysphagia, (D) pneumonia, E.voiding dysfunction, and urinary tract infections and F. deep vein thrombosis.
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