A Systematic Review of Xuezhikang, an Extract from Red Yeast Rice, for Coronary Heart Disease Complicated by Dyslipidemia

Table 4

Analysis of serum lipid level.

Serum lipid level (comparison)	Intervention group		Control group		Weight (%)	MD	95% CI
	Mean	SD	Mean	SD
(1) TC (mmol/L)
(1.1) Xuezhikang and conventional therapy versus conventional therapy
Dai et al. 1999 [5]	5.41	0.87	6.54	0.89	11.40	−1.13	[−1.59,−0.67]
Huang et al. 2009 [24]	4.98	0.79	5.99	0.87	13.30	−1.01	[−1.36,−0.66]
Ma and Teng 2005 [29]	5.30	1.30	6.30	1.00	9.00	−1.00	[−1.61,−0.39]
Wang et al. 2004 [6]	4.33	0.96	6.30	0.79	11.10	−1.97	[−2.45,−1.49]
Xu 2005 [39]	5.49	1.12	6.20	0.93	6.60	−0.71	[−1.52,0.10]
Yan 2006 [34]	4.90	0.10	5.50	0.20	17.30	−0.60	[−0.67,−0.53]
Yan and Li 2007 [33]	4.90	0.13	5.93	0.23	17.00	−1.03	[−1.13,−0.93]
Zhou et al. 2003 [38]	4.30	0.54	4.84	0.78	14.30	−0.54	[−0.83,−0.25]
		Overall (REM, I^2 = 92%)			100	−𝟎.𝟗𝟕	[−𝟏.𝟐𝟒,−𝟎.𝟕𝟏]
(1.2) Xuezhikang and conventional therapy versus placebo and conventional therapy
CCSPS 2005 [4]	4.65	0.67	5.22	0.88	—	−0.57	[−0.61,−0.53]
Yu et al. 2002 [35]	4.10	0.58	6.72	0.85	—	−2.62	[−2.98,−2.26]
(1.3) Xuezhikang and conventional therapy versus statin and conventional therapy
(1.3.1) Xuezhikang and conventional therapy versus lovastatin and conventional therapy
Li et al. 2011 [26]	4.57	1.42	5.32	1.72	9.5	−0.75	[−1.52,0.02]
(1.3.2) Xuezhikang and conventional therapy versus simvastatin and conventional therapy
Huang et al. 2005 [23]	4.62	0.63	4.36	0.60	13.8	0.26	[0.02,0.50]
Jiang and Cai 2001 [25]	5.19	0.90	4.91	0.66	12.8	0.28	[−0.10,0.66]
Lou et al. 2008 [28]	5.4	0.12	5.40	0.11	14.4	0.00	[−0.05,0.05]
	Subgroup	Overall (REM, I^2 = 69%)				𝟎.𝟏𝟒	[−𝟎.𝟎𝟖,𝟎.𝟑𝟓]
(1.3.3) Xuezhikang and conventional therapy versus fluvastatin and conventional therapy
Gao and Liao 2003 [21]	4.05	0.74	3.63	0.59	13.1	0.42	[0.08,0.76]
(1.3.4) Xuezhikang and conventional therapy versus atorvastatin and conventional therapy
Shang 2007 [31]	4.65	0.79	4.88	0.85	13.5	−0.23	[−0.51,0.05]
Xu 2005 [39]	5.49	1.12	5.50	0.92	8.8	−0.01	[−0.86,0.84]
Zhang 2011 [37]	4.51	0.38	4.00	3.35	14.1	1.16	[0.99,1.33]
	Subgroup	Overall (REM, I^2 = 97%)				𝟎.𝟑𝟑	[−𝟎.𝟕𝟕,𝟏.𝟒𝟑]
After sensitive analysis	Subgroup	Overall (FEM, I^2 = 0%)				−𝟎.𝟐𝟏	[−𝟎.𝟒𝟖,𝟎.𝟎𝟔]
	Total	Overall (REM, I^2 = 96%)				𝟎.𝟏𝟗	[−𝟎.𝟐𝟐,𝟎.𝟓𝟗]
After sensitive analysis	Total	Overall (REM, I^2 = 66%)				𝟎.𝟎𝟐	[−𝟎.𝟎𝟑𝟐,𝟎.𝟎𝟔]
(1.4) Xuezhikang and statin and conventional therapy versus statin and conventional therapy
(1.4.1) Xuezhikang and simvastatin and conventional therapy versus simvastatin and conventional therapy
Lin et al. 2009 [27]	4.30	0.71	5.00	0.81	35.6	−0.70	[−1.13,−0.27]
(1.4.2) Xuezhikang and fluvastatin and conventional therapy versus fluvastatin and conventional therapy
Zhang 2010 [36]	4.60	0.10	5.70	0.24	64.4	−1.10	[−1.19,−1.01]
	Total	Overall (REM, I^2 = 68%)				−𝟎.𝟗𝟔	[−𝟏.𝟑𝟑,−𝟎.𝟓𝟖]
(1.5) Xuezhikang and aspirin versus inositol nicotinate and aspirin
Wang and Xiao 2000 [32]	5.20	0.80	6.00	0.70	—	−1.05	[−1.46,−0.64]
2. TG (mmol/L)
(2.1) Xuezhikang and conventional therapy versus conventional therapy
Dai et al. 1999 [5]	1.84	0.68	2.30	0.87	5.50	−0.48	[−0.87,−0.05]
Huang et al. 2009 [24]	1.49	0.31	1.97	0.37	44.40	−0.48	[−0.63,−0.33]
Ma and Teng 2005 [29]	1.70	0.40	2.30	0.70	10.50	−0.60	[−0.90,−0.30]
Wang et al. 2004 [6]	1.88	0.5	2.2	0.76	7.70	−0.32	[−0.67,0.03]
Xu 2005 [39]	2.70	0.92	2.52	1.67	0.90	0.18	[−0.87,1.23]
Yan and Li 2007 [33]	1.54	0.10	2.02	0.59	19.10	−0.48	[−0.70,−0.26]
Zhou et al. 2003 [38]	1.20	0.66	1.80	0.61	12.10	−0.60	[−0.88,−0.32]
		Overall (FEM, I^2 = 0%)			100%	−𝟎.𝟒𝟗	[−𝟎.𝟓𝟖,−𝟎.𝟑𝟗]
(2.2) Xuezhikang and conventional therapy versus placebo and conventional therapy
CCSPS 2005 [4]	1.58	0.78	1.75	0.88	50.80	−0.17	[−0.22,−0.12]
Yu et al. 2002 [35]	2.22	0.71	3.51	0.36	49.20	−1.29	[−1.57,−1.01]
(2.3) Xuezhikang and conventional therapy versus statin and conventional therapy
(2.3.1) Xuezhikang and conventional therapy versus lovastatin and conventional therapy
Li et al. 2011 [26]	3.75	1.17	3.82	1.29	1.3	−0.07	[−0.67,0.53]
(2.3.2) Xuezhikang and conventional therapy versus simvastatin and conventional therapy
Huang et al. 2005 [23]	1.85	0.81	1.92	0.72	5.5	−0.07	[−0.37,0.23]
Jiang and Cai 2001 [25]	1.9	0.72	2.11	0.91	3.5	−0.21	[−0.58,0.16]
Lou et al. 2008 [28]	3.1	0.2	3.2	0.33	35.2	−0.11	[−0.21,0.00]
	Subgroup	Overall (FEM, I^2 = 0%)			𝟒𝟒.𝟑	𝟎.𝟏𝟏	[−𝟎.𝟐𝟏,−𝟎.𝟎𝟎]
(2.3.3) Xuezhikang and conventional therapy versus fluvastatin and conventional therapy
Gao and Liao 2003 [21]	1.01	0.63	1.42	0.46	6.2	−0.41	[−0.69,−0.13]
(2.3.4) Xuezhikang and conventional therapy versus atorvastatin and conventional therapy
Shang 2007 [31]	1.61	0.53	1.57	0.55	14.1	0.04	[−0.15,0.23]
Xu 2005 [39]	2.7	0.92	2.22	0.73	1.0	0.48	[−0.21,1.17]
Zhang 2011 [37]	1.64	0.33	1.61	0.21	33.0	0.03	[−0.09,0.15]
	Subgroup	Overall (FEM, I^2 = 0%)			𝟒𝟖.𝟏	𝟎.𝟎𝟒	[−𝟎.𝟎𝟔,𝟎.𝟏𝟒]
	Total	Overall (FEM, I^2 = 45%)			𝟏𝟎𝟎	−𝟎.𝟎𝟓	[−𝟎.𝟏𝟐,𝟎.𝟎𝟐]
(2.4) Xuezhikang and statin and conventional therapy versus statin and conventional therapy
Zhang 2010 [36]	1.58	0.20	1.85	0.10	—	−0.27	[−0.35,−0.19]
(2.5) Xuezhikang and aspirin versus inositol nicotinate and aspirin
Wang and Xiao 2000 [32]	1.70	0.90	2.30	0.90	—	−0.60	[−0.95,−0.25]
(3) LDL-C (mmol/L)
(3.1) Xuezhikang and conventional therapy versus conventional therapy
Dai et al. 1999 [5]	3.42	0.96	3.93	0.81	13.50	−0.51	[−0.97,−0.05]
Huang et al. 2009 [24]	2.88	0.91	3.96	0.96	14.10	−1.08	[−1.48,−0.68]
Wang et al. 2004 [6]	2.21	0.4	3.87	0.56	15.20	−1.66	[−1.92,−1.40]
Xu 2005 [39]	2.82	0.95	3.7	0.95	10.50	−0.88	[−1.63,−0.13]
Yan 2006 [34]	2.89	0.44	2.9	0.6	15.50	−0.01	[−0.23,0.21]
Yan and Li 2007 [33]	2.97	0.10	3.88	0.20	16.20	−0.91	[−0.99,−0.83]
Zhou et al. 2003 [38]	3.22	0.6	3.68	0.71	15.00	−0.46	[−0.75,−0.17]
		Overall (REM, I^2 = 94%)			𝟏𝟎𝟎	−𝟎.𝟕𝟖	[−𝟏.𝟏𝟗,−𝟎.𝟑𝟖]
(3.2) Xuezhikang and conventional therapy versus placebo and conventional therapy
CCSPS 2005 [4]	2.66	0.85	3.23	0.85	50.30	−0.57	[−0.62,−0.52]
Yu et al. 2002 [35]	2.48	0.39	4.30	0.39	49.70	−1.82	[−2.01,−1.63]
(3.3) Xuezhikang and conventional therapy versus statin and conventional therapy
(3.3.1) Xuezhikang and conventional therapy versus lovastatin and conventional therapy
Li et al. 2011 [26]	2.45	0.72	3.25	0.84	10.6	−0.80	[−1.18,0.42]
(3.3.2) Xuezhikang and conventional therapy versus simvastatin and conventional therapy
Huang et al. 2005 [23]	2.68	0.55	2.52	0.49	13.9	0.16	[−0.04,0.36]
Jiang and Cai 2001 [25]	3.1	0.41	2.90	0.90	12.2	0.20	[−0.10,0.50]
Lou et al. 2008 [28]	2.8	0.09	2.9	0.1	15.7	−0.10	[−0.14,−0.06]
	Subtotal	Overall (REM, I^2 = 79%)			𝟒𝟏.𝟖	𝟎.𝟎𝟔	[−𝟎.𝟏𝟕,𝟎.𝟐𝟖]
(3.3.3) Xuezhikang and conventional therapy versus fluvastatin and conventional therapy
Gao and Liao 2003 [21]	2.13	0.58	2.08	0.61	12.2	0.05	[−0.25,0.35]
(3.3.4) Xuezhikang and conventional therapy versus atorvastatin and conventional therapy
Shang 2007 [31]	2.54	0.56	2.44	0.52	14.2	0.10	[−0.09,0.29]
Xu 2005 [39]	2.82	0.95	2.93	0.52	6.9	−0.11	[−0.74,0.52]
Zhang 2011 [37]	3.04	0.48	2.51	0.32	14.3	0.53	[0.35,0.71]
	Subtotal	Overall (REM, 𝐼^2 = 84%)			𝟑𝟓.𝟒	𝟎.𝟐𝟑	[−𝟎.𝟏𝟒,𝟎.𝟔𝟎]
After sensitive analysis	Subtotal	Overall (FEM, 𝐼^2 = 0%)				𝟎.𝟎𝟖	[−𝟎.𝟏𝟎,𝟎.𝟐𝟔]
	Total	Overall (REM, 𝐼^2 = 90%)				𝟎.𝟎𝟑	[−𝟎.𝟏𝟎,𝟎.𝟐𝟓]
After sensitive analysis	Total	Overall (REM, 𝐼^2 = 64%)				𝟎.𝟎𝟓	[−𝟎.𝟎𝟗,𝟎.𝟏𝟗]
(3.4) Xuezhikang and statin and conventional therapy versus statin and conventional therapy
(3.4.1) Xuezhikang and simvastatin and conventional therapy versus simvastatin and conventional therapy
Lin et al. 2009 [27]	2.10	0.78	2.60	0.80	8.4	−0.50	[−0.95,−0.05]
(3.4.2) Xuezhikang and fluvastatin and conventional therapy versus fluvastatin and conventional therapy
Zhang 2010 [36]	2.87	0.32	3.30	0.20	91.6	−0.43	[−0.57,−0.29]
	Total	Overall (FEM, 𝐼^2 = 0%)				−𝟎.𝟒𝟒	[−𝟎.𝟓𝟕,−𝟎.𝟑𝟏]
(3.5) Xuezhikang and aspirin versus inositol nicotinate and aspirin
Wang and Xiao 2000 [32]	2.70	0.70	3.40	0.90	100	−0.88	[−1.27,−0.48]
(4) HDL-C (mmol/L)
(4.1) Xuezhikang and conventional therapy versus conventional therapy
Dai et al. 1999 [5]	1.71	0.42	1.04	0.49	14.60	0.67	[−0.43,0.91]
Huang et al. 2009 [24]	1.12	0.3	0.82	0.2	19.50	0.3	[0.19,0.41]
Wang et al. 2004 [6]	1.44	0.38	1.31	0.27	17.00	0.13	[−0.05,0.31]
Xu 2005 [39]	1.67	0.51	1.68	0.75	7.10	−0.01	[−0.51,0.49]
Yan 2006 [34]	1.04	0.10	1.04	0.20	20.60	0.00	[−0.07,0.07]
Yan and Li 2007 [33]	1.09	0.09	0.80	0.07	21.10	0.29	[0.25,0.33]
		Overall (REM, 𝐼^2 = 93%)			𝟏𝟎𝟎	𝟎.𝟐𝟒	[𝟎.𝟎𝟖,𝟎.𝟒𝟎]
(4.2) Xuezhikang and conventional therapy versus placebo and conventional therapy
CCSPS 2005 [4]	1.24	0.31	1.19	0.31	50.80	0.05	[0.03,0.07]
Yu et al. 2002 [35]	1.45	0.25	0.97	0.19	49.20	0.48	[0.37,0.59]
(4.3) Xuezhikang and conventional therapy versus statin and conventional therapy
(4.3.1) Xuezhikang and conventional therapy versus lovastatin and conventional therapy
Li et al. 2011 [26]	1.12	0.38	1.06	0.36	11.4	0.16	[−0.33,0.65]
(4.3.2) Xuezhikang and conventional therapy versus simvastatin and conventional therapy
Huang et al. 2005 [23]	1.85	0.81	1.92	0.72	6.4	−0.09	[−0.47,0.29]
Jiang and Cai 2001 [25]	1.16	0.17	1.21	0.12	19.0	−0.05	[−0.12,0.02]
Lou et al. 2008 [28]	0.8	0.03	0.9	0.03	21.4	−0.10	[−0.11,−0.09]
		Overall (FEM, 𝐼^2 = 0%)				−𝟎.𝟏𝟎	[−𝟎.𝟏𝟏,−𝟎.𝟎𝟗]
(4.3.3) Xuezhikang and conventional therapy versus fluvastatin and conventional therapy
Gao and Liao 2003 [21]	1.14	0.27	1.30	0.45	11	−0.16	[−0.35,0.03]
(4.3.4) Xuezhikang and conventional therapy versus atorvastatin and conventional therapy
Shang 2007 [31]	1.45	0.41	1.44	0.33	14.9	0.01	[−0.12,0.14]
Xu 2005 [39]	1.67	0.51	1.53	0.48	3.8	0.14	[−0.27,0.55]
Zhang 2011 [37]	1.09	0.48	1.62	0.27	12.1	−0.53	[−0.70,−0.36]
	Subtotal	Overall (REM, 𝐼^2 = 93%)			𝟑𝟎.𝟗	−𝟎.𝟏𝟓	[−𝟎.𝟓𝟕,𝟎.𝟐𝟖]
After sensitive analysis	Subtotal	Overall (FEM, I^2 = 0%)				𝟎.𝟎𝟐	[−𝟎.𝟏𝟎,𝟎.𝟏𝟒]
	Total	Overall (REM, I^2 = 79%)				−𝟎.𝟏𝟎	[−𝟎.𝟏𝟗,−𝟎.𝟎𝟏]
After sensitive analysis	Total	Overall (FEM, I^2 = 35%)				−𝟎.𝟏𝟎	[−𝟎.𝟏𝟏,−𝟎.𝟎𝟖]
(4.4) Xuezhikang and fluvastatin and conventional therapy versus fluvastatin and conventional therapy
Zhang 2010 [36]	0.97	0.28	0.82	0.06	100	0.15	[0.05,0.25]
(4.5) Xuezhikang and aspirin versus inositol nicotinate and aspirin
Wang and Xiao 2000 [32]	0.95	0.22	0.91	0.25	100	0.17	[−0.21,0.55]

Note: FEM: fixed effects model; REM: random effects model.