Effects of Berberine and Hwangryunhaedok-Tang on Oral Bioavailability and Pharmacokinetics of Ciprofloxacin in Rats

Table 2

Pharmacokinetics parameters of ciprofloxacin after intravenous (i.v., 10 mg/kg) and oral (p.o., 20 mg/kg) administration of ciprofloxacin with or without co-treatment and pre-treatment of berberine and HR.

Parameters^a	i.v.	p.o.
	—	—	Cotreatment	Pretreatment
	CFX alone	CFX alone	Berberine; (50 mg/kg)	HR; (1.4 g/kg/day)	Berberine; (25 mg/kg/day)	Berberine; (50 mg/kg/day)
𝑇max (h)	—	0.60 ± 0.25	0.54 ± 0.16	0.73 ± 0.45	0.70 ± 0.18	0.57 ± 0.09
𝐶max (μg/mL)	—	0.84 ± 0.17	0.49 ± 0.19*	0.42 ± 0.23*	0.49 ± 0.21*	0.37 ± 0.22*
𝜆𝑧 (1/h)	0.61 ± 0.08	0.45 ± 0.18	0.48 ± 0.22	0.45 ± 0.18	0.45 ± 0.11	0.40 ± 0.19
𝑡1/2𝜆𝑧 (h)	1.15 ± 0.17	1.55 ± 0.52	1.45 ± 0.46	1.53 ± 0.23	1.54 ± 0.50	1.75 ± 0.37
AUC0→∞ (h⋅𝜇g/mL)	4.62 ± 1.06	1.84 ± 0.52	1.87 ± 0.39	1.11 ± 0.56*	1.59 ± 0.42	1.1 ± 0.41*
𝐹 (%)	—	19.87	20.29	12.00	17.16	11.95

^a𝑇_max: time to reach 𝐶_max; 𝐶_max: maximum plasma drug concentration; 𝜆_𝑧: elimination rate constant; 𝑡_1/2𝜆𝑧: elimination half life; AUC_0→∞: area under the plasma concentration-time curves from time zero to infinity; 𝐹: absolute bioavailability. ^∗𝑃<0.05, ciprofloxacin alone versus co- or pre-treatment of berberine and HR. The rats treated with CFX alone and the co-treatment of berberine and ciprofloxacin received vehicle (D.W.) during the same period of pre-treatment groups.