Copyright © 2012 Lorna Kwai-Ping Suen et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Linked References

1. C. X. Feng, X. H. Bai, and Y. Du, Chinese Auricular Therapy, Scientific and Technical Documents Publishing House, Beijing, China, Chinese-English edition, 1994.
2. S. Abbate, Chinese Auricular Acupuncture, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fla, USA, 2004.
3. T. Oleson, Auriculotherapy Manual, Churchill Livingstone, New York, NY, USA, 3rd edition, 2003.
4. S. T. Frank, “Aural sign of coronary-artery disease,” New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 289, no. 6, pp. 327–328, 1973. View at Scopus
5. W. J. Elliott and T. Karrison, “Increased all-cause and cardiac morbidity and mortality associated with the diagonal earlobe crease: a prospective cohort study,” American Journal of Medicine, vol. 91, no. 3, pp. 247–254, 1991. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
6. B. Tranchesi, V. Barbosa, C. P. De Albuquerque et al., “Diagonal earlobe crease as a marker of the presence and extent of coronary atherosclerosis,” American Journal of Cardiology, vol. 70, no. 18, pp. 1417–1420, 1992. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
7. M. Kuri, Y. Hayashi, K. Kagawa, K. Takada, T. Kamibayashi, and T. Mashimo, “Evaluation of diagonal earlobe crease as a marker of coronary artery disease: the use of this sign in pre-operative assessment,” Anaesthesia, vol. 56, no. 12, pp. 1160–1162, 2001. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
8. H. Evrengül, D. Dursunoĝlu, A. Kaftan et al., “Bilateral diagonal earlobe crease and coronary artery disease: a significant association,” Dermatology, vol. 209, no. 4, pp. 271–275, 2004. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
9. E. Edston, “The earlobe crease, coronary artery disease, and sudden cardiac death: an autopsy study of 520 individuals,” American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology, vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 129–133, 2006. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
10. V. Patel, C. Champ, P. S. Andrews, B. E. Gostelow, N. P. Gunasekara, and A. R. Davidson, “Diagonal earlobe creases and atheromatous disease: a postmortem study,” Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of London, vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 274–277, 1992. View at Scopus
11. H. A. Miot, L. M. De Medeiros, C. R. S. De Siqueira et al., “Association between coronary artery disease and the diagonal earlobe and preauricular creases in men,” Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia, vol. 81, no. 1, pp. 29–33, 2006. View at Scopus
12. Verbal communication with Dr. S.K.Chu, registered TCM practitioner of HKSAR, 2009.
13. L. C. Huang, Auricular Diagnosis with Color Photos, Longevity Press, Bellaire, Tex, USA, 1999.
14. T. D. Oleson, R. J. Kroening, and D. E. Bresler, “An experimental evaluation of auricular diagnosis: the somatotopic mapping of musculoskeletal pain at ear acupuncture points,” Pain, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 217–229, 1980. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
15. Centre for Health Protection, “Heart disease,” 2012, http://www.chp.gov.hk/en/content/9/25/57.html.
16. S. Kaukola, V. Manninen, M. Valle, and P. I. Halonen, “Ear-lobe crease and coronary atherosclerosis,” Lancet, vol. 2, no. 8156, p. 1377, 1979. View at Scopus
17. L. G. Portney and M. P. Watkins, Foundations of Clinical Research: Applications to Practice, Appleton & Lange, Norwalk, Conn, USA, 2000.
18. J. S. Christiansen, B. Mathiesen, A. R. Andersen, and H. Calberg, “Letter: diagonal ear-lobe crease in coronary heart disease,” New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 293, no. 6, pp. 308–309, 1975. View at Scopus
19. W. J. Elliott, “Ear lobe crease and coronary artery disease,” The American Journal of Medicine, vol. 75, no. 6, pp. 1024–1032, 1983. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
20. N. Toyosaki, M. Tsuchiya, T. Hashimoto et al., “Earlobe crease and coronary heart disease in Japanese,” Heart and Vessels, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 161–165, 1986. View at Scopus
21. E. Lichstein, K. D. Chadda, D. Naik, and P. K. Gupta, “Diagonal ear-lobe crease: prevalence and implications as a coronary risk factor,” New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 290, no. 11, pp. 615–616, 1974. View at Scopus
22. A. N. Ischenko, V. P. Kozlova, and P. P. Shev’yev, “Auricular diagnostics used in the system of screening surveys,” Medical Progress Through Technology, vol. 17, pp. 29–32, 1991.
23. T. O. Cheng, “Diagonal earlobe creases,” Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of London, vol. 26, no. 4, p. 460, 1992. View at Scopus
24. T. O. Cheng, “More research needed on the association between diagonal earlobe crease and coronary artery disease,” Archives of Internal Medicine, vol. 160, no. 15, pp. 2396–2397, 2000. View at Scopus
25. W. L. Zhu and C. J. Zhang, “Study on the relationship between ear lobe crease and coronary artery imaging in male patients with coronary heart disease,” Modern Preventive Medicine, vol. 39, no. 6, pp. 1553–1555, 2012 (Chinese).
26. Y. Y. Zheng, C. J. Zhang, and H. E. Zhang, “The relationship between the ear lobe crease and coronary artery in aging in female patients with coronary heart disease,” Chinese Journal of Intewventional Cardiology, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 150–153, 2011 (Chinese).
27. H. Shmilovich, V. Y. Cheng, R. Rajani et al., et al., “Relation of diagnonal ear lobe crease to the presence, extent, and severity of coronary artery disease determined by coronary computed tomography angiography,” American Journal of Cardiology, vol. 109, pp. 1283–1287.
28. J. Mehta and R. I. Hamby, “Letter: diagonal ear-lobe crease as a coronary risk factor,” New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 291, no. 5, p. 260, 1974. View at Scopus
29. T. Overfield and E. B. Call, “Earlobe type, race, and age: effects on earlobe creasing,” Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, vol. 31, no. 8, pp. 479–481, 1983. View at Scopus
30. P. M. Brady, M. A. Zive, and R. J. Goldberg, “A new wrinkle to the earlobe crease,” Archives of Internal Medicine, vol. 147, no. 1, pp. 65–66, 1987. View at Scopus
31. A. Pasternac and M. Sami, “Predictive value of the ear-crease sign in coronary artery disease,” Canadian Medical Association Journal, vol. 126, no. 6, pp. 645–649, 1982. View at Scopus
32. D. Moraes, P. McCormack, J. Tyrrell, and J. Feely, “Ear lobe crease and coronary heart disease,” Irish Medical Journal, vol. 85, no. 4, pp. 131–132, 1992. View at Scopus
33. Y. Shoenfeld, R. Mor, and A. Weinberger, “Diagonal ear lobe crease and coronary risk factors,” Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 184–187, 1980. View at Scopus
34. N. Kirkham, T. Murrells, D. H. Melcher, and E. A. Morrison, “Diagonal earlobe creases and fatal cardiovascular disease: a necropsy study,” British Heart Journal, vol. 61, no. 4, pp. 361–364, 1989. View at Scopus
35. W. J. Elliott and L. H. Powell, “Diagonal earlobe creases and prognosis in patients with suspected coronary artery disease,” American Journal of Medicine, vol. 100, no. 2, pp. 205–211, 1996. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
36. Ş. Çelik, T. Erdoǧan, Ö. Gedikli, A. Kiriş, and C. Erem, “Diagonal ear-lobe crease is associated with carotid intima-media thickness in subjects free of clinical cardiovascular disease,” Atherosclerosis, vol. 192, no. 2, pp. 428–431, 2007. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
37. S. K. Verma, R. Khamesra, L. K. Mehta, and A. Bordia, “Ear-lobe crease and ear-canal hair as predictors of coronary artery disease in Indian population,” Indian Heart Journal, vol. 41, no. 2, pp. 86–91, 1989. View at Scopus
38. L. Wang, Auricular Acupuncture—Diagnostic Therapy, Science and Technology, Beijing, China, 2000.
39. T. I. Usichenko, V. P. Lysenyuk, M. H. Groth, and D. Pavlovic, “Detection of ear acupuncture points by measuring the electrical skin resistance in patients before, during and after orthopedic surgery performed under general anesthesia,” Acupuncture and Electro-Therapeutics Research, vol. 28, no. 3-4, pp. 167–173, 2003. View at Scopus
40. L. R. Yuan, “A brief introduction to ear diagnosis,” The European Journal of Oriental Medicine, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 34–37, 1997.
41. T. Oleson, “Electrophysiological research on the differential localization of auricular acupuncture points,” Medical Acupuncture, vol. 11, no. 2, 1999.