Chlorella sorokiniana-Induced Activation and Maturation of Human Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells through NF-κB and PI3K/MAPK Pathways
Figure 1
The effects of CS on DC maturation. (a) Human DCs were treated with CS (30 μg/mL), LPS (1 μg/mL), or medium alone for 48 h, and surface markers were analyzed by flow cytometry (dotted line, isotype control; solid line: specific mAb). The values shown were the percentage of gated cells (Gated %). (b) DCs were treated with CS at different concentrations, and the expressions of CD83 and CD86 were analyzed by flow cytometry (black bar: CD83; gray bar: CD86). LPS was used as positive control. (c) Human DCs were cultured in the presence of 1 μg/mL LPS or various concentrations of CS for 48 h. IL-12 secretion was analyzed by ELISA after incubation. (d) The time-dependent effect of CS (30 μg/mL) treatments on IL-12 secretion in DCs. IL-12 secretion was analyzed by ELISA. * compared to control. N.D: nondetectable. ((e) and (f)) QRT-PCR analysis of IL-12 p35 and IL-12 p40. DCs were incubated in the presence of CS (30 μg/mL) for 3, 6, 18, 24, and 48 h. Representative images of three independent experiments were shown here. Lane M: marker. (g) The effect of CS on DC endocytosis. Human PBMCs were cultured for 6 days, and monocytes were induced to differentiated DCs (refer to Section 2). Immature DCs were stimulated with medium alone, LPS (1 μg/mL), or CS (30 μg/mL) for 48 h, and then incubated with FITC-dextran (0.5 mg/mL) for 1 h at 4°C (dotted line) or 37°C (solid line). (h) Human monocyte-derived DC were incubated with CS (30 μg/mL) for the indicated period of time. NF-κB assay was described in Section 2. The binding activity of NF-κB was shown as relative OD450 levels. LPS (1 μg/mL) treatment for 2 h was used as positive control. * compared to control.
