- About this Journal
- Abstracting and Indexing
- Aims and Scope
- Annual Issues
- Article Processing Charges
- Articles in Press
- Author Guidelines
- Bibliographic Information
- Citations to this Journal
- Contact Information
- Editorial Board
- Editorial Workflow
- Free eTOC Alerts
- Publication Ethics
- Reviewers Acknowledgment
- Submit a Manuscript
- Subscription Information
- Table of Contents
Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine
Volume 2012 (2012), Article ID 821307, 8 pages
doi:10.1155/2012/821307
Yoga Meditation Practitioners Exhibit Greater Gray Matter Volume and Fewer Reported Cognitive Failures: Results of a Preliminary Voxel-Based Morphometric Analysis
1Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27708, USA
2Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27708, USA
3College of Social Work, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
4Trinity Institute for the Addictions, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
Received 30 August 2012; Revised 19 October 2012; Accepted 26 October 2012
Academic Editor: Chun-Tao Che
Copyright © 2012 Brett Froeliger et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Linked References
- R. Chambers, E. Gullone, and N. B. Allen, “Mindful emotion regulation: an integrative review,” Clinical Psychology Review, vol. 29, no. 6, pp. 560–572, 2009. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
- E. L. Garland, B. Fredrickson, A. M. Kring, D. P. Johnson, P. S. Meyer, and D. L. Penn, “Upward spirals of positive emotions counter downward spirals of negativity: Insights from the broaden-and-build theory and affective neuroscience on the treatment of emotion dysfunctions and deficits in psychopathology,” Clinical Psychology Review, vol. 30, no. 7, pp. 849–864, 2010. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- E. L. Garland, “The meaning of mindfulness: a second-order cybernetics of stress, metacognition, and coping,” Complementary Health Practice Review, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 15–30, 2007. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- J. Kabat-Zinn, “An outpatient program in behavioral medicine for chronic pain patients based on the practice of mindfulness meditation: theoretical considerations and preliminary results,” General Hospital Psychiatry, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 33–47, 1982. View at Scopus
- A. Lutz, H. A. Slagter, J. D. Dunne, and R. J. Davidson, “Attention regulation and monitoring in meditation,” Trends in Cognitive Sciences, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 163–169, 2008. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- R. A. Baer, G. T. Smith, J. Hopkins, J. Krietemeyer, and L. Toney, “Using self-report assessment methods to explore facets of mindfulness,” Assessment, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 27–45, 2006. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- J. Carmody and R. A. Baer, “Relationships between mindfulness practice and levels of mindfulness, medical and psychological symptoms and well-being in a mindfulness-based stress reduction program,” Journal of Behavioral Medicine, vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 23–33, 2008. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- J. M. Greeson, D. M. Webber, M. J. Smoski et al., “Changes in spirituality partly explain health-related quality of life outcomes after Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction,” Journal of Behavioral Medicine, vol. 34, no. 6, pp. 508–818, 2011. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- D. V. Shelov, S. Suchday, and J. P. Friedberg, “A pilot study measuring the impact of yoga on the trait of mindfulness,” Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, vol. 37, no. 5, pp. 595–598, 2009. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- T. Gard, N. Brach, B. K. Hölzel, J. J. Noggle, L. A. Conboy, and S. W. Lazar, “Effects of a yoga-based intervention for young adults on quality of life and perceived stress: the potential mediating roles of mindfulness and self-compassion,” Journal of Positive Psychology, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 165–175, 2012. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- A. Büssing, A. Hedtstück, S. B. Khalsa, T. Ostermann, and P. Heusser, “Development of specific aspects of spirituality during a 6-month intensive Yoga practice,” Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, vol. 2012, Article ID 981523, 7 pages, 2012. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
- A. Chiesa, R. Calati, and A. Serretti, “Does mindfulness training improve cognitive abilities? A systematic review of neuropsychological findings,” Clinical Psychology Review, vol. 31, no. 3, pp. 449–464, 2011. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- H. A. Slagter, R. J. Davidson, and A. Lutz, “Mental training as a tool in the neuroscientific study of brain and cognitive plasticity,” Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, vol. 7, 17 pages, 2011. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
- E. L. Garland, S. A. Gaylord, C. A. Boettiger, and M. O. Howard, “Mindfulness training modifies cognitive, affective, and physiological mechanisms implicated in alcohol dependence: results of a randomized controlled pilot trial,” Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, vol. 42, no. 2, pp. 177–192, 2010. View at Scopus
- A. P. Jha, J. Krompinger, and M. J. Baime, “Mindfulness training modifies subsystems of attention,” Cognitive, Affective and Behavioral Neuroscience, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 109–119, 2007. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- K. A. MacLean, E. Ferrer, S. R. Aichele et al., “Intensive meditation training improves perceptual discrimination and sustained attention,” Psychological Science, vol. 21, no. 6, pp. 829–839, 2010. View at Scopus
- J. Greenberg, K. Reiner, and N. Meiran, ““Mind the trap”: mindfulness practice reduces cognitive rigidity,” PloS one, vol. 7, no. 5, Article ID e36206, 2012. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- R. Teper and M. Inzlicht, “Meditation, mindfulness and executive control: the importance of emotional acceptance and brain-based performance monitoring,” Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience. In press. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
- H. Wenk-Sormaz, “Meditation can reduce habitual responding,” Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 42–58, 2005. View at Scopus
- F. Zeidan, S. K. Johnson, B. J. Diamond, Z. David, and P. Goolkasian, “Mindfulness meditation improves cognition: evidence of brief mental training,” Consciousness and Cognition, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 597–605, 2010. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- F. Herndon, “Testing mindfulness with perceptual and cognitive factors: external vs. internal encoding, and the cognitive failures questionnaire,” Personality and Individual Differences, vol. 44, no. 1, pp. 32–41, 2008. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- A. Moore and P. Malinowski, “Meditation, mindfulness and cognitive flexibility,” Consciousness and Cognition, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 176–186, 2009. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- M. D. Mrazek, J. Smallwood, and J. W. Schooler, “Mindfulness and mind-wandering: finding convergence through opposing constructs,” Emotion, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 442–448, 2012. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- E. L. Garland and M. O. Howard, “Neuroplasticity, psychosocial genomics, and the biopsychosocial paradigm in the 21st century,” Health and Social Work, vol. 34, no. 3, pp. 191–199, 2009. View at Scopus
- J. A. Dusek, H. H. Otu, A. L. Wohlhueter et al., “Genomic counter-stress changes induced by the relaxation response,” PLoS ONE, vol. 3, no. 7, Article ID e2576, 2008. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- D. Feinstein and D. Church, “Modulating gene expression through psychotherapy: the contribution of noninvasive somatic interventions,” Review of General Psychology, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 283–295, 2010. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- B. K. Holzel, U. Ott, T. Gard et al., “Investigation of mindfulness meditation practitioners with voxel-based morphometry,” Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 55–61, 2008. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- S. W. Lazar, C. E. Kerr, R. H. Wasserman et al., “Meditation experience is associated with increased cortical thickness,” NeuroReport, vol. 16, no. 17, pp. 1893–1897, 2005. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- E. Luders, A. W. Toga, N. Lepore, and C. Gaser, “The underlying anatomical correlates of long-term meditation: larger hippocampal and frontal volumes of gray matter,” NeuroImage, vol. 45, no. 3, pp. 672–678, 2009. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- B. K. Hölzel, J. Carmody, M. Vangel et al., “Mindfulness practice leads to increases in regional brain gray matter density,” Psychiatry Research, vol. 191, no. 1, pp. 36–43, 2011. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- L. S. Radloff, “The CES-D scake: a self report depression scale for research in the general population,” Applied Psychological Measurement, vol. 1, pp. 385–401, 1977.
- D. Watson, L. A. Clark, and A. Tellegen, “Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: the PANAS scales,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, vol. 54, no. 6, pp. 1063–1070, 1988. View at Scopus
- D. E. Broadbent, P. F. Cooper, P. FitzGerald, and K. R. Parkes, “The cognitive failures questionnaire (CFQ) and its correlates,” British Journal of Clinical Psychology, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 1–16, 1982. View at Scopus
- B. Froeliger, E. L. Garland, R. V. Kozink, et al., “Meditation-State Functional Connectivity (msFC): strengthening of the dorsal attention network and beyond,” Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, vol. 2012, Article ID 680407, 9 pages, 2012. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
- B. E. Froeliger, E. L. Garland, L. A. Modlin, and F. J. McClernon, “Neurocognitive correlates of the effects of yoga meditation practice on emotion and cognition: a pilot study,” Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience, vol. 6, no. 48, 2012. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- J. Ashburner, “A fast diffeomorphic image registration algorithm,” NeuroImage, vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 95–113, 2007. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- A. Klein, J. Andersson, B. A. Ardekani et al., “Evaluation of 14 nonlinear deformation algorithms applied to human brain MRI registration,” NeuroImage, vol. 46, no. 3, pp. 786–802, 2009. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- L. Bergouignan, M. Chupin, Y. Czechowska et al., “Can voxel based morphometry, manual segmentation and automated segmentation equally detect hippocampal volume differences in acute depression?” NeuroImage, vol. 45, no. 1, pp. 29–37, 2009. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- A. R. Gilbert, D. Mataix-Cols, J. R. C. Almeida et al., “Brain structure and symptom dimension relationships in obsessive-compulsive disorder: a voxel-based morphometry study,” Journal of Affective Disorders, vol. 109, no. 1-2, pp. 117–126, 2008. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- D. Terribilli, M. S. Schaufelberger, F. L. S. Duran et al., “Age-related gray matter volume changes in the brain during non-elderly adulthood,” Neurobiology of Aging, vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 354–368, 2011. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- A. A. Valente, E. C. Miguel, C. C. Castro et al., “Regional gray matter abnormalities in obsessive-compulsive disorder: a voxel-based morphometry study,” Biological Psychiatry, vol. 58, no. 6, pp. 479–487, 2005. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- B. Ward, Simultaneous Inference for fMRI Data, Biophysics Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis, USA, 2000.
- A. Talati and J. Hirsch, “Functional specialization within the medial frontal gyrus for perceptual go/no-go decisions based on “what,” “when,” and “where” related information: an fMRI study,” Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, vol. 17, no. 7, pp. 981–993, 2005. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- A. R. Aron, P. C. Fletcher, E. T. Bullmore, B. J. Sahakian, and T. W. Robbins, “Stop-signal inhibition disrupted by damage to right inferior frontal gyrus in humans,” Nature Neuroscience, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 115–116, 2003. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- M. F. S. Rushworth, M. E. Walton, S. W. Kennerley, and D. M. Bannerman, “Action sets and decisions in the medial frontal cortex,” Trends in Cognitive Sciences, vol. 8, no. 9, pp. 410–417, 2004. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- A. R. Damasio, “The somatic marker hypothesis and the possible functions of the prefrontal cortex,” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, vol. 351, no. 1346, pp. 1413–1420, 1996. View at Scopus
- M. L. Kringelbach and E. T. Rolls, “The functional neuroanatomy of the human orbitofrontal cortex: evidence from neuroimaging and neuropsychology,” Progress in Neurobiology, vol. 72, no. 5, pp. 341–372, 2004. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- R. Llinas and J. P. Welsh, “On the cerebellum and motor learning,” Current Opinion in Neurobiology, vol. 3, no. 6, pp. 958–965, 1993. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- C. Bellebaum and I. Daum, “Cerebellar involvement in executive control,” Cerebellum, vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 184–192, 2007. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- M. A. Goodale and A. D. Milner, “Plans for action,” Behavioral and Brain Sciences, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 37–40, 2004. View at Scopus
- K. Heyder, B. Suchan, and I. Daum, “Cortico-subcortical contributions to executive control,” Acta Psychologica, vol. 115, no. 2-3, pp. 271–289, 2004. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- B. K. S. Iyengar, Light on Yoga: Yoga Dipika, Harper Thorsons, 2001.
- M.-Y. Du, Q.-Z. Wu, Q. Yue et al., “Voxelwise meta-analysis of gray matter reduction in major depressive disorder,” Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 11–16, 2012. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- C. Xie, W. Li, G. Chen et al., “The co-existence of geriatric depression and amnestic mild cognitive impairment detrimentally affect gray matter volumes: Voxel-based morphometry study,” Behavioural Brain Research, vol. 235, no. 2, pp. 244–250, 2012. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- M. Tavanti, M. Battaglini, F. Borgogni et al., “Evidence of diffuse damage in frontal and occipital cortex in the brain of patients with post-traumatic stress disorder,” Neurological Sciences, vol. 33, pp. 59–68, 2011. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- S. H. Woodward, M. Schaer, D. G. Kaloupek, L. Cediel, and S. Eliez, “Smaller global and regional cortical volume in combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder,” Archives of General Psychiatry, vol. 66, no. 12, pp. 1373–1382, 2009. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- P. Y. Geha, M. N. Baliki, R. N. Harden, W. R. Bauer, T. B. Parrish, and A. V. Apkarian, “The brain in chronic CRPS pain: abnormal gray-white matter interactions in emotional and autonomic regions,” Neuron, vol. 60, no. 4, pp. 570–581, 2008. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- V. A. Cardenas, C. Studholme, S. Gazdzinski, T. C. Durazzo, and D. J. Meyerhoff, “Deformation-based morphometry of brain changes in alcohol dependence and abstinence,” NeuroImage, vol. 34, no. 3, pp. 879–887, 2007. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- O. P. Almeida, G. J. Garrido, N. T. Lautenschlager, G. K. Hulse, K. Jamrozik, and L. Flicker, “Smoking is associated with reduced cortical regional gray matter density in brain regions associated with incipient alzheimer disease,” American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 92–98, 2008. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- A. L. Brody, M. A. Mandelkern, M. E. Jarvik et al., “Differences between smokers and nonsmokers in regional gray matter volumes and densities,” Biological Psychiatry, vol. 55, no. 1, pp. 77–84, 2004. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- G. Fein, V. Di Sclafani, and D. J. Meyerhoff, “Prefrontal cortical volume reduction associated with frontal cortex function deficit in 6-week abstinent crack-cocaine dependent men,” Drug and Alcohol Dependence, vol. 68, no. 1, pp. 87–93, 2002. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- S. D'Silva, C. Poscablo, R. Habousha, M. Kogan, and B. Kligler, “Mind-body medicine therapies for a range of depression severity: a systematic review,” Psychosomatics, vol. 53, no. 5, pp. 407–423, 2012.
- S. B. S. Khalsa, G. S. Khalsa, H. K. Khalsa, and M. K. Khalsa, “Evaluation of a residential Kundalini Yoga lifestyle pilot program for addiction in India,” Journal of Ethnicity in Substance Abuse, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 67–79, 2008. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
- B. C. Bock, J. L. Fava, R. Gaskins et al., “Yoga as a complementary treatment for smoking cessation in women,” Journal of Women's Health, vol. 21, pp. 240–248, 2012.