The Effects of Velvet Antler of Deer on Cardiac Functions of Rats with Heart Failure following Myocardial Infarction

Table 1

Comparison of cardiac structural parameters as revealed by echocardiography in rats (𝑥±𝑠).

Group	N	LAD (mm)	IVSTd (mm)	IVSTs (mm)	LVPWTd (mm)	LVPWTs (mm)	LVDd (mm)	LVDs (mm)
sham	10	3.31±0.15	1.22±0.19	1.36±0.20	2.13±0.33	2.67±0.33	5.79±0.74	4.21±0.64
HF	9	4.22±0.23 ***	0.68±0.14 ***	0.90±0.17 ***	2.03±0.32	2.58±0.30	9.79±0.66 ***	8.91±0.71 ***
HF + CAP	11	4.42±0.22 ***	0.66±0.14 ***	0.91±0.13 ***	1.88±0.23	2.44±0.27	10.28±0.69 ***	9.18±0.64 ***
HF + VAD	10	4.31±0.30 ***	0.72±0.13 ***	0.96±0.12 ***	2.87±0.33	2.48±0.3	9.91±0.71 ***	8.59±0.63 ***

Notes: ***compared to the sham group, 𝑃<0.001; HF = heart failure; CAP = captopril; VAD = velvet antler of deer.