Table 1: Comparison of cardiac structural parameters as revealed by echocardiography in rats ( 𝑥 ± 𝑠 ).
GroupNLAD (mm)IVSTd (mm)IVSTs (mm)LVPWTd (mm)LVPWTs (mm)LVDd (mm)LVDs (mm)
sham10 3 . 3 1 ± 0 . 1 5 1 . 2 2 ± 0 . 1 9 1 . 3 6 ± 0 . 2 0 2 . 1 3 ± 0 . 3 3 2 . 6 7 ± 0 . 3 3 5 . 7 9 ± 0 . 7 4 4 . 2 1 ± 0 . 6 4
HF9 4 . 2 2 ± 0 . 2 3 *** 0 . 6 8 ± 0 . 1 4 *** 0 . 9 0 ± 0 . 1 7 *** 2 . 0 3 ± 0 . 3 2 2 . 5 8 ± 0 . 3 0 9 . 7 9 ± 0 . 6 6 *** 8 . 9 1 ± 0 . 7 1 ***
HF + CAP11 4 . 4 2 ± 0 . 2 2 *** 0 . 6 6 ± 0 . 1 4 *** 0 . 9 1 ± 0 . 1 3 *** 1 . 8 8 ± 0 . 2 3 2 . 4 4 ± 0 . 2 7 1 0 . 2 8 ± 0 . 6 9 *** 9 . 1 8 ± 0 . 6 4 ***
HF + VAD10 4 . 3 1 ± 0 . 3 0 *** 0 . 7 2 ± 0 . 1 3 *** 0 . 9 6 ± 0 . 1 2 *** 2 . 8 7 ± 0 . 3 3 2 . 4 8 ± 0 . 3 9 . 9 1 ± 0 . 7 1 *** 8 . 5 9 ± 0 . 6 3 ***
Notes: ***compared to the sham group, 𝑃 < 0 . 0 0 1 ; HF = heart failure; CAP = captopril; VAD = velvet antler of deer.