Management of Hepatic Encephalopathy by Traditional Chinese Medicine

Table 1

The typing, prescription, and treatments for different syndromes of HE.

Prescription	Medicinal herb ingredients
Invasion of pericardium^a by excessive heat and toxin
Zi Xue Pill	Gypsum Fibrosum, Gypsum Rubrum, Magnetitum, Talcum, Bubali Cornu, Saigae Tataricae Cornu, Aucklandiae Radix, Aquilariae Lignum Resinatum, Cimicifugae Rhizoma, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Caryophylli Flos, Natrii Sulfas, Moschus, Cinnabaris
Qing Ying Liang Xue Decoction	Bubali Cornu, Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Artemisiae Scopariae Herba,
An Gong Niu Huang Pill	Imperatae Rhizoma, Bergenia Herba, Paeoniae Radix Rubra, Rehmanniae Radix, Moutan Cortex, Gardeniae Fructus Praeparatus, Rhei Radix et Rhizoma
Qing Wen Bai Du Oral Solution	Bubali Cornu, Coptidis Rhizoma, Scutellariae Radix, Artemisiae Scopariae Herba, Lysimachiae Herba, Gypsum Fibrosum, Anemarrhenae Rhizoma, Platycodonis Radix, Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, Gardeniae Fructus, Smilacis Glabrae Rhizoma, Alismatis Rhizoma, Plantaginis Semen, Aurantii Fructus Immaturus, Forsythiae Fructus, Rehmanniae Radix, Lophatheri Herba, Scrophulariae Radix
Huang Lian Decoction for Detoxification Plus Zhi Bao Pill	Coptidis Rhizoma, Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex, Scutellariae Radix, Gardeniae Fructus, Rhei Radix et Rhizoma; Bubali Cornu, Bovis Calculus, Eretmochelys imbricata, Ambrum, Cinnabaris, Realgar, Moschus, Benzoinum
Yin Chen Hao Decoction	Artemisiae Scopariae Herba, Gardeniae Fructus, Rhei Radix et Rhizoma
Wu Wei Detoxification Oral Liquid	Lonicerae Japonicae Flos, Taraxaci Herba, Violae Herba, Begonia Fimbristipula Herba, Eupolyphaga or Steleophaga
Xi Jiao Di Huang Decoction	Bubali Cornu, Rehmanniae Radix, Paeoniae Radix Rubra, Moutan Cortex, Arnebiae Radix
Pattern of mental confusion by dampness and phlegm^b accumulation
Yin Chen Wu Ling Dispersing agent	Artemisiae Scopariae Herba, Polyporus, Alismatis Rhizoma, Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, Poria, Cinnamomi Ramulus
Phlegm-removing Decoction with Da Huang	Arisaematis Rhizoma, Pinelliae Rhizoma, Aurantii Fructus Immaturus Poria, Citri Exocarpium Rubrum, Cinnabaris, Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma, Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma, Caryophylli Flos, Aquilariae Lignum Resinatum, Santalum album,
Su He Xiang Pill	Olibanum, Piperis Longi Fructus, Bubali Cornu, Benzoinum, Aucklandiae Radix, Cyperi Rhizoma, GinsengRadix et Rhizoma, Bambusae Caulis In Taenias, Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, Styrax, Moschus, Borneolum Syntheticum
Ju Fang Zhi Bao Pill	Bubali Cornu, Bovis Calculus, Eretmochelys imbricata, Ambrum, Cinnabaris, Realgar, Moschus, Benzoinum
Yin Chen Si Ling Decoction	Artemisiae Scopariae Herba, Poria, Alismatis Rhizoma, Polyporus, Gardeniae Fructus
Chang Pu Yu Jin Decoction	Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma, Curcumae Radix, Arisaema Cum Bile, Pinelliae Rhizoma, Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex, Myristicae Semen, Polygalae Radix, Forsythiae Fructus, Pogostemonis Herba
Pattern of Yin^c deficiency of liver and kidney and Yang^c excess of Liver
Yi Guan Decoction	Rehmanniae Radix, Angelicae Sinensis Radix, Lycii Fructus, Glehniae Radix, Ophiopogonis Radix, Toosendan Fructus
Ling Yang Jiao Decoction	Saigae Tataricae Cornu, Testudinis Carapax Et Plastrum, Rehmanniae Radix, Ligustri Lucidi Fructus, Eclipse Prostrala Herba, Dendrobii Caulis, Margaritifera Concha, Moutan Cortex, Paeoniae Radix Rubra, Bupleuri Radix, Prunellae Spica, Chrysanthemi Flos, Haliotidis Concha, Carthami Flos, Persicae Semen, Angelicae Sinensis Radix, Chuanxiong Rhizoma, Trogopteri xanthipes stool, Cyperi Rhizoma, Corydalis Rhizoma, Artemisiae Scopariae Herba
Pattern of exhaustion of Yin and Yang, and disturbance in spirit
Pulse-Activating Powder	Ginseng Radix Et Rhizoma, Ophiopogonis Radix, Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus
Xi Jiao Di Huang Decoction	Bubali Cornu, Rehmanniae Radix, Paeoniae Radix Alba or Paeoniae Radix Rubra, Moutan Cortex
Shen Fu Long Mu Decoction	Ginseng Radix Et RhizomaRubra, Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata, Astragali Radix, Ostreae Concha, Corni Fructus, Polygonati Rhizoma, Rehmanniae Radix, Rehmanniae Radix Praeparata, Schisandrae Chinensis Fructus, Scrophulariae Radix, Ophiopogonis Radix, Adenophorae Radix

^aPericardium refers to an anatomical membrane surrounding heart, and physiologically it protects the heart. When exogenous pathogens invade the heart, the pericardium is always the first to be attacked. Invasion of the pericardium by pathogenic heat gives rise to symptoms of mental disturbances such as coma and delirium in TCM.
^bPhlegm is usually secreted by dysfunction of lung and spleen, and occasionally by the consumption of body fluids by fire and heat evils. A disharmony of body fluids can produce either external, visible phlegm, such as sputum secreted by the respiratory tract, or internal, invisible phlegm.
^cThe Yin-Yang theory believes that the normal life activities of the human body result from the harmonious relation of the unity of opposites between Yin and Yang. The imbalance between Yin and Yang is one of the basic pathogenesis of a disease. All the pathological changes can be summarized as excess or deficiency of Yin or Yang. To be more concrete, “Yang excess leads to heat syndrome while Yin excess causes cold syndrome”; “Yang deficiency results in cold syndrome while Yin deficiency causes heat syndromes”; “Yang deficiency affects Yin while Yin deficiency affects Yang.”