Results of a 2-Week Inpatient Stay at the Department for Internal and Integrative Medicine: An Observational Study
Table 3
Pre- post- and follow-up scores, estimated differences, and effect sizes for study outcomes.
Outcome (Questionnaire)
No. of patients§
Outcomes (M ± SD)
Estimated differences* to admission (M; 95% CI)
Estimated effect sizes# (Cohen’s d)
ADM
DIS
FU3
FU6
FU12
DIS
FU3
FU6
FU12
DIS
FU3
FU6
FU12
Quality of life
Physical component summary (SF-36)
32.9 ± 10.2
37.4 ± 11.7
37.4 ± 12.1
38.0 ± 12.3
5.0; −4.4 to 5.6
4.2; 3.5 to 4.8
4.6; 3.9 to 5.2
0.49
0.41
0.45
Mental component summary (SF-36)
39.6 ± 12.8
44.7 ± 12.6
44.8 ± 12.4
45.1 ±12.7
4.9; 4.1 to 5.6
4.9; 4.0 to 5.7
4.6; 3.8 to 5.4
0.38
0.38
0.36
Psychological symptoms
Anxiety (HADS_A)
9.0 ± 4.3
5.7 ± 3.9
6.9 ± 4.4
6.8 ± 4.5
6.8 ± 4.6
−2.9; −3.2 to −2.5
−1.7; −2.0 to −1.3
−1.8; −2.2 to −1.4
−1.8; −2.2 to −1.4
−0.66
−0.39
−0.41
−0.41
Depression (HADS_D )
7.1 ± 4.1
4.4 ± 3.6
5.8 ± 4.3
5.8 ± 4.4
5.9 ± 4.4
−2.7; −3.0 to −2.4
−1.2; −1.6 to −0.9
−1.3; −1.6 to −0.9
−1.2; −1.5 to −0.8
−0.66
−0.30
−0.31
−0.29
Satisfaction with health (FLZ)
2.2 ± 0.9
—
2.7 ± 1.0
2.7 ± 1.0
2.8 ± 1.0
—
0.5; 0.4 to 0.6
0.6; 0.5 to 0.7
0.6; 0.5 to 0.7
0.54
0.59
0.60
Satisfaction with life in general (FLZ)
3.5 ± 0.9
—
3.6 ± 0.9
3.6 ± 0.9
3.6 ± 0.9
—
0.2, 0.1 to 0.2
0.1; 0.1 to 0.2
0.2; 0.1 to 0.2
0.18
0.15
0.17
Control beliefs
Control belief internal (GKÜ)
3.0 ± 0.9
3.6 ± 0.9
3.3 ± 0.9
3.3 ± 0.9
3.3 ± 1.0
0.6; 0.5–0.6
0.4; 0.3–0.4
0.3; 0.3–0.4
0.3; 0.2–0.4
0.66
0.41
0.36
0.34
Control belief external-social (GKÜ)
2.8 ± 1.0
2.7 ± 1.0
2.6 ± 1.0
2.6 ± 1.0
2.6 ± 1.0
−0.1; −0.2 to −0.1
−0.2; −0.2 to −0.1
−0.2; −0.2 to −0.1
−0.2; −0.2 to −0.1
−0.14
−0.16
−0.16
−0.17
Control belief external-fatalistic (GKÜ)
2.1 ± 0.8
2.1 ± 0.8
2.2 ± 0.9
2.2 ± 0.8
2.3 ± 0.8
0.0; 0.0 to 0.0
0.1; 0.1 to 0.2
0.1; 0.1 to 0.2
0.2; 0.1 to 0.2
0.02
0.16
0.16
0.22
Ratio internal/external (GKÜ)
1.3 ± 0.8
1.6 ± 1.0
1.6 ± 1.0
1.6 ± 1.0
1.6 ± 1.0
0.4; 0.3 to 0.4
0.3; 0.2 to 0.3
0.3; 0.2 to 0.3
0.3; 0.2 to 0.4
0.47
0.37
0.39
0.40
Demand of medical services
Days of sick leave
18.9 ± 36.0
8.3 ± 13.1
−10.5; −14.9 to −6.1
−0.26
Number of doctors’ visits
3.7 ± 3.2
2.3 ± 2.5
2.5 ± 3.0
2.8 ± 3.1
−1.4; −1.7 to −1.2
−1.3; −1.5 to −1.0
−1.0; −1.3 to −0.7
−0.46
−0.40
−0.30
Days admitted to a hospital
23.2 ± 20.3
25.9 ± 21.3
2.7; −0.8 to 6.1
0.13
Subjective health change (%)
(i) Much improved
30.8
24.8
23.7
27.9
(ii) Somewhat improved
49.0
38.3
35.4
31.3
(iii) The same
16.0
23.7
23.4
22.1
(iv) Somewhat worse
3.1
7.0
8.8
9.8
(v) Much worse
1.1
6.1
8.8
8.9
ADM: admission; DIS: discharge; FU3: 3-month follow-up; M: mean; SD: standard deviation; CI: confidence interval; *estimation from repeated measurement ANOVA. #Effect size calculation was based on estimated differences. §The number of patients included in the analyses may be smaller due to missing data at any measurement time-point, leading to their exclusion within the repeated measurement ANOVA.
