Effects of Extracts from Trifolium medium L. and Trifolium pratense L. on Development of Estrogen Deficiency-Induced Osteoporosis in Rats
Table 2
Effects of Trifolium medium L. (TM) and Trifolium pratense L. (TP) extracts on bone mass and mineralization in ovariectomized (OVX) rats.
Parameters
Sham- operated rats
OVX rats
Control
TM10
TM20
TP10
TP20
Estradiol
Bone mass/body mass ratio (mg/100 g of body mass)
Femur
296.04 ± 3.89
259.58 ± 4.14***
262.10 ± 4.81***
254.99 ± 5.24***
258.66 ± 4.24***
267.53 ± 6.82***
271.58 ± 4.11***
Tibia
225.87 ± 3.06
198.61 ± 2.43***
193.37 ± 3.14***
192.83 ± 2.74***
200.52 ± 2.80***
200.79 ± 3.72***
202.79 ± 3.40***
L-4 vertebra
80.48 ± 1.46
72.80 ± 2.18**
68.43 ± 1.04***
68.52 ± 1.11***
73.18 ± 0.94**
72.46 ± 1.65**
75.65 ± 2.03
Mineral mass/bone mass ratio (mg/100 mg of bone mass)
Femur
45.74 ± 0.34
43.92 ± 0.41**
42.59 ± 0.47***
43.17 ± 0.38***
44.42 ± 0.43
43.47 ± 0.56**
44.48 ± 0.47*
Tibia
46.38 ± 0.56
44.37 ± 0.41**
43.99 ± 0.27***
44.38 ± 0.39**
44.42 ± 0.42**
45.21 ± 0.36
45.45 ± 0.55
L-4 vertebra
44.32 ± 0.48
42.29 ± 0.77
42.80 ± 0.51
42.64 ± 0.35
43.11 ± 0.45
42.30 ± 0.56
42.92 ± 0.62
Calcium content (mg/g of mineral mass)
Femur
382.79 ± 4.77
379.61 ± 4.73
395.65 ± 5.20
396.39 ± 5.25
394.26 ± 4.06
395.70 ± 6.08
391.82 ± 5.48
Tibia
397.83 ± 3.93
406.06 ± 9.05
443.56 ± 10.99**●
445.64 ± 9.88***●●
439.05 ± 9.18** ●
446.67 ± 11.49**●
425.57 ± 14.43
L-4 vertebra
409.72 ± 7.67
409.35 ± 5.82
446.48 ± 6.59* ●
444.44 ± 12.09*●
451.76 ± 9.76**●●
453.69 ± 12.65**●●
427.06 ± 12.12
Phosphorus content (mg/g of mineral mass)
Femur
161.50 ± 1.73
160.89 ± 1.60
163.82 ± 1.29
163.92 ± 1.51
164.47 ± 1.38
164.41 ± 1.32
162.48 ± 3.25
Tibia
154.36 ± 2.17
153.32 ± 2.65
168.77 ± 5.30* ●
169.92 ± 5.29* ●
168.61 ± 3.99* ●
168.28 ± 4.36* ●
153.65 ± 3.31
L-4 vertebra
165.01 ± 2.07
163.93 ± 2.91
178.55 ± 4.93* ●
177.09 ± 3.77* ●
176.66 ± 2.97* ●
178.18 ± 5.12* ●
171.48 ± 3.45
The lyophilized extracts from TM or TP at doses corresponding to 10 and 20 mg/kg of isoflavone aglycones daily (TM10, TP10 and TM20, TP20, resp.), or estradiol (0.2 mg/kg daily), were administered orally to OVX rats for 4 weeks. Results are presented as the mean ± SEM (). One-way ANOVA followed by Duncan’s test or, when appropriate, Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA followed by Mann-Whitney test was used for evaluation of the significance of the results. *, **, ***—significantly different from sham-operated control rats. ●, ●●—significantly different from OVX control rats.
