Copyright © 2012 Vernon A. Barnes et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Linked References

1. R. B. Devereux and M. J. Roman, “Hypertensive left ventricular hypertrophy: pathogenesis, prognostic importance, and treatment,” Cardiovascular Reviews and Reports, vol. 13, no. 8, pp. 24–29, 1992. View at Scopus
2. D. Levy, R. J. Garrison, D. D. Savage, W. B. Kannel, and W. P. Castelli, “Prognostic implications of echocardiographically determined left ventricular mass in the Framingham Heart Study,” The New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 322, no. 22, pp. 1561–1566, 1990. View at Scopus
3. A. H. Gradman and F. Alfayoumi, “From left ventricular hypertrophy to congestive heart failure: management of hypertensive heart disease,” Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases, vol. 48, no. 5, pp. 326–341, 2006. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
4. E. Pimenta, R. D. Gordon, A. H. Ahmed, et al., “Cardiac dimensions are largely determined by dietary salt in patients with primary aldosteronism: results of a case-control study,” The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, vol. 96, no. 9, pp. 2813–2820, 2011.
5. A. U. Klingbeil, M. Schneider, P. Martus, F. H. Messerli, and R. E. Schmieder, “A meta-analysis of the effects of treatment on left ventricular mass in essential hypertension,” American Journal of Medicine, vol. 115, no. 1, pp. 41–46, 2003. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
6. L. H. Naylor, K. George, G. O'Driscol, and D. J. Green, “The athlete's heart: a contemporary appraisal of the 'Morganroth hypothesis',” Sports Medicine, vol. 38, no. 1, pp. 69–90, 2008. View at Scopus
7. E. M. Urbina, P. R. Khoury, C. Mccoy, S. R. Daniels, T. R. Kimball, and L. M. Dolan, “Cardiac and vascular consequences of pre-hypertension in youth,” Journal of Clinical Hypertension, vol. 13, no. 5, pp. 332–342, 2011. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
8. F. A. Treiber, F. McCaffrey, K. Pflieger, A. Rauniker, W. B. Strong, and H. Davis, “Determinants of left ventricular mass in normotensive children,” American Journal of Hypertension, vol. 6, pp. 505–513, 1993.
9. T. R. Taylor, T. W. Kamarck, and S. Dianzumba, “Cardiovascular reactivity and left ventricular mass: an integrative review,” Annals of Behavioral Medicine, vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 182–193, 2003. View at Scopus
10. S. Julius and S. Nesbitt, “Sympathetic overactivity in hypertension a moving target,” American Journal of Hypertension, vol. 9, no. 11, pp. 113S–120S, 1996. View at Scopus
11. M. A. Hawkins, “Effectiveness of the transcendental meditation program in criminal rehabilitation and substance abuse recovery: a review of the research,” Journal of Offender Rehabilitation, vol. 36, pp. 47–65, 2002.
12. K. G. Walton, R. H. Schneider, S. I. Nidich, J. W. Salerno, C. K. Nordstrom, and C. N. Bairey Merz, “Psychosocial stress and cardiovascular disease part 2: effectiveness of the transcendental meditation program in treatment and prevention,” Behavioral Medicine, vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 106–123, 2003. View at Scopus
13. D. W. Orme-Johnson, V. A. Barnes, and R. H. Schneider, “Transcendental meditation for primary and secondary prevention of coronary heart disease,” in Heart & Mind: The Practice of Cardiac Psychology, R. Allan and J. Fisher, Eds., pp. 365–379, American Psychological Association, Washington, DC, USA, 2nd edition, 2011.
14. J. W. Anderson, C. Liu, and R. J. Kryscio, “Blood pressure response to transcendental meditation: a meta-analysis,” American Journal of Hypertension, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 310–316, 2008. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
15. M. V. Rainforth, R. H. Schneider, S. I. Nidich, C. Gaylord-King, J. W. Salerno, and J. W. Anderson, “Stress reduction programs in patients with elevated blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis,” Current Hypertension Reports, vol. 9, no. 6, pp. 520–528, 2007. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
16. V. A. Barnes, R. H. Schneider, C. N. Alexander, et al., “Impact of Transcendental Meditation on mortality in older African Americans with hypertension—eight year follow-up,” Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 201–216, 2005.
17. R. H. Schneider, C. N. Alexander, F. Staggers et al., “Long-term effects of stress reduction on mortality in persons ≥55 years of age with systemic hypertension,” American Journal of Cardiology, vol. 95, no. 9, pp. 1060–1064, 2005. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
18. J. W. Zamarra, R. H. Schneider, I. Besseghini, D. K. Robinson, and J. W. Salerno, “Usefulness of the transcendental meditation program in the treatment of patients with coronary artery disease,” American Journal of Cardiology, vol. 77, no. 10, pp. 867–870, 1996. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
19. A. Castillo-Richmond, R. H. Schneider, C. N. Alexander et al., “Effects of stress reduction on carotid atherosclerosis in hypertensive African Americans,” Stroke, vol. 31, no. 3, pp. 568–573, 2000. View at Scopus
20. V. A. Barnes, F. A. Treiber, J. R. Turner, H. Davis, and W. B. Strong, “Acute effects of transcendental meditation on hemodynamic functioning in middle-aged adults,” Psychosomatic Medicine, vol. 61, no. 4, pp. 525–531, 1999. View at Scopus
21. V. A. Barnes and D. W. Orme-Johnson, “Clinical and pre-clinical applications of the Transcendental Meditation Program® in the prevention and treatment of essential hypertension and cardiovascular disease in youth and adults,” Current Hypertension Reviews, vol. 2, no. 3, pp. 207–218, 2006. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
22. V. A. Barnes, F. A. Treiber, and H. Davis, “Impact of Transcendental Meditation® on cardiovascular function at rest and during acute stress in adolescents with high normal blood pressure,” Journal of Psychosomatic Research, vol. 51, no. 4, pp. 597–605, 2001. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
23. V. A. Barnes, M. H. Johnson, and F. A. Treiber, “Impact of transcendental meditation on ambulatory blood pressure in African-American adolescents,” American Journal of Hypertension, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 366–369, 2004. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
24. K. A. Kondwani, R. H. Schneider, C. N. Alexander, et al., “Left ventricular mass regression with the Transcendental Meditation technique and a health education program in hypertensive African Americans,” Journal of Social Behavior & Personality, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 181–200, 2005.
25. JW Salerno, R. H. Schneider, C. N. Alexander, et al., “A controlled trial of effects of stress reduction on left ventricular mass in hypertensive African Americans,” Ethnicity and Disease, vol. 14, pp. S2–S54, 2004.
26. National High Blood Pressure Education Program Working Group on Hypertension Control in Children and Adolescents, “Update on the 1987 task force report on high blood pressure in children and adolescents: a working group report from the national high blood pressure education program,” Pediatrics, vol. 98, no. 4, part 1, pp. 649–658, 1996. View at Scopus
27. National Center for Health Statistics: NHANES III Anthropometric procedures, Washington DC, USA, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, US Government Printing Office,1988.
28. R. Devereux, D. R. Alonso, E. M. Lutas, et al., “Echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular hypertrophy: comparison to necropsy findings,” American Journal of Cardiology, vol. 57, no. 6, pp. 450–458, 1986.
29. F. T. Travis, “Transcendental Meditation technique,” in The Corsini Encyclopedia of Psychology and Behavioral Science, W. E. Craighead and C. B. Nemeroff, Eds., pp. 1705–1706, John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY, USA, 2001.
30. F. Travis and J. Shear, “Focused attention, open monitoring and automatic self-transcending: categories to organize meditations from Vedic, Buddhist and Chinese traditions,” Consciousness and Cognition, vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 1110–1118, 2010. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
31. R. Roth, Maharishi Mahesh Yogi's Transcendental Meditation, Primus, Washington, DC, USA, 1994.
32. SAS Institute Inc, SAS/STAT Software, Changes and Enhancements, Release 6.10. In., SAS Institute, Cary, NC, USA 1994.
33. G. K. Kapuku, F. A. Treiber, H. C. Davis, G. A. Harshfield, B. B. Cook, and G. A. Mensah, “Hemodynamic function at rest, during acute stress, and in the field: predictors of cardiac structure and function 2 years later in youth,” Hypertension, vol. 34, no. 5, pp. 1026–1031, 1999. View at Scopus
34. R. Jevning, A. F. Wilson, and J. M. Davidson, “Adrenocortical activity during meditation,” Hormones and Behavior, vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 54–60, 1978. View at Scopus
35. K. G. Walton, N. D. Pugh, P. Gelderloos, and P. Macrae, “Stress reduction and preventing hypertension: preliminary support for a psychoneuroendocrine mechanism,” Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 263–283, 1995. View at Scopus
36. C. R. K. MacLean, K. G. Walton, S. R. Wenneberg et al., “Altered responses of cortisol, GH, TSH and testosterone to acute stress after four months' practice of transcendental meditation (TM),” Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, vol. 746, pp. 381–384, 1994. View at Scopus
37. C. R. K. MacLean, K. G. Walton, S. R. Wenneberg et al., “Effects of the transcendental meditation program on adaptive mechanisms: changes in hormone levels and responses to stress after 4 months of practice,” Psychoneuroendocrinology, vol. 22, no. 4, pp. 277–295, 1997. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
38. P. J. Mills, R. H. Schneider, D. Hill, K. G. Walton, and R. K. Wallace, “Beta-adrenergic receptor sensitivity in subjects practicing transcendental meditation,” Journal of Psychosomatic Research, vol. 34, no. 1, pp. 29–33, 1990. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
39. V. A. Barnes, L. B. Bauza, and F. A. Treiber, “Impact of stress reduction on negative school behavior in adolescents,” Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, vol. 1, no. 1, article 10, 2003. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus
40. C. Cuspidi, A. Esposito, F. Negri et al., “Studies on left ventricular hypertrophy regression in arterial hypertension: a clear message for the clinician?” American Journal of Hypertension, vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 458–463, 2008. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar · View at Scopus