Lipid-Regulating Effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine: Mechanisms of Actions

Table 2

The regulation of transcription factors related to lipid metabolism by TCM.

Herb/ingredients	PPAR-α/γ/δ	LXR-α	SREBPs	FXR	Others	Reference
Berberine	α(+), 𝛾(+)		SRE1		Insig-i(+), CPTIA	[23, 36–38, 50]
Curcumin	𝛾(+)					[25, 26]
Danshen/dihydrotanshinone 1, salvianolic acid, and Danshensu rosmarinic acid	α(+)	(+)	−1c(−)	(+)	ABCA1, ABCB4/11, SHP(+)	[40, 41]
Ginseng	α(+)					[45]
Gynostemma pentaphyllum/gypenoside	α(+)					[43]
Resin of the guggul tree/guggulsterone				(−)	AR/GR/MR(−); PR/ERα(+)	[44]
Ligustrum lucidum/oleanolic acid	α(+), 𝛾(+)				protein kinase B (+)	[51]
Hawthorn, hawthorn-flavone	α(+)					[11, 24]
Morroniside	α(+)		−1(−); −2(−)		NF-kβ, iNOS, (−)	[52]
FTZ	α(+)		(−)			[49]
Fenugreek (TEFS)	𝛾(−)		−1(−)		cEBP-α(−)	[42]

Notes for tables: (+): positive/upregulation; (−) negative/downregulation.