Research Article

Influence of Propolis on Hygiene, Gingival Condition, and Oral Microflora in Patients with Cleft Lip and Palate Treated with Fixed Orthodontic Appliances

Table 4

Frequency of bacterial species in propolis group and control group in baseline and final study.

Bacterial speciesPropolis group Control group
BaselineFinal studyBaselineFinal study
%%%%

Gram+
 Facultative anaerobic
  Streptococcus spp.90.485.790.0100.0
  S. mitis 57.1061.955.060.0
  S. salivarius 19.049.5225.020.0
  S. vestibularis 19.049.5220.030.0
  S. oralis 19.049.5215.010.0
  S. sanguinis 0.009.5210.020.0
  Actinomyces spp.28.579.52*30.040.0
  Actinomyces  israelii 19.000.00*15.025.0
 Anaerobic
  Bifidobacterium spp.23.8023.8030.025.0
  Eubacterium spp. 4.760.0010.010.0
  Gemella  morbillorum 9.520.0015.015.0
  Clostridium spp. 14.289.520.000.00
Gram−
 Facultative anaerobic
  Neisseria spp.90.495.295.090.0
  Capnocytophaga spp.19.040.00*15.010.0
  Enterobacter  kobei 0.000.005.05.0
  Klebsiella  pneumoniae 0.000.0010.010.0
  Klebsiella  oxytoca 4.769.525.010.0
 Anaerobic
  Veillonella spp.23.8023.8020.025.0
  Mitsuokella spp.9.524.760.000.00
  Bacteroides spp.9.529.520.010.0
  Fusobacterium spp.14.280.0025.030.0
Candida
Candida  albicans 9.529.5215.015.0

Significance compared with baseline.