Yueju Pill Rapidly Induces Antidepressant-Like Effects and Acutely Enhances BDNF Expression in Mouse Brain

Figure 3

Effects of ketamine and Yueju on the tail suspension test and open field test. (a) Tail suspension test was carried out at 24 hours after ketamine (KET) administration. Immobility time was measured for the last 4 minutes during the 6 minutes testing time. one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), 𝐹_(5,51)=7.956, 𝑃<0.001, and 𝑛=8–11. (b) Tail suspension test at 24 hours after Yueju (YJ) administration. Immobility time was measured for the last 4 minutes during the 6 minutes testing time. ANOVA, 𝐹_(4,64)=4.611, 𝑃=0.003, and 𝑛=12–15. (c) Tail suspension test at 30 min after drug administration. ANOVA, 𝐹_(2,24)=4.875, 𝑃=0.017, and 𝑛=8–10. Both YJ and ketamine (KET) significantly reduced the immobility time, compared to vehicle. (d) Total distance traveled during a 5 munities open field testing time, ANOVA, 𝐹_(2,30)=0.9903, 𝑃=0.384, and 𝑛=11. (e) Time spent on the center part during a 5 munities open field testing time. ANOVA, 𝐹_(2,30)=0.0276, 𝑃=0.973, and 𝑛=11. The open field testing started at 30 minutes after drug treatment. *𝑃<0.05 and **𝑃<0.01. Data represent mean ± SEM.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)