Types of pharmacological activities Types of active extract Types of Testing subjects Description of the effects Reference Antiviral activities Ethanol extractO-β -D-glucopyranoside In vitro C8166 lymphocytes Inhibit HIV-1-induced syncytium formation [15 ] Water and ethanol extract In vitro HepG2 2.2.15 cells Inhibit the production of HBV [16 ]
Antimicrobial effects Hu zhang fraction F1 In vitro Streptococcus mutans Enhance fluoride activity against S.mutans virulenceS.mutans in biofilms [18 ] Ethanol extract In vitro RAW 264.7 Protect RAW 264.7 and Hela cells from V. vulnificus -induced cytotoxicity V. vulnificus growth and survival in seawater and heart infusion broth [20 ] In vivo CD-1 mice Protect 8-week-old CD-1 mice infected with V. vulnificus
Ethyl acetate extract In vivo Sprague-Dawley rats Suppress serotonin-induced swelling [29 ] Polydatin In vivo Male Sprague-Dawley Upregulate CCSP to inhibit PLA2 [30 ] In vitro BEAS-2B cells Promote the expression of CCSP in normal and LPS-stimulated cells Polydatin In vivo Male ICR mice Suppress levels of MDA, TNF-
, IL-1β , COX-2, iNOS, and NFκ B
[31 ] Hu zhang extract In vitro Mononuclear cells Decrease levels of TNF-
, IL-6, intranuclear NFκ B binding, JNK-1, PTP-1B, and ROS generation [32 ]
Emodin In vitro RAW 264.7 macrophages Inhibit the expression of iNOS, TNF-
, interleukin 10, IKK-alpha, IKK-gamma, and the nuclear translocation of NFκ B [33 ] Citreorosein In vitro Mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells Inhibit COX-2-dependent prostaglandin D2 generation and COX-2 expression through inhibition of the Akt and JNK pathways [34 ] Ethanolic extract of resveratrol In vivo Female Swiss Webster mice Inhibit the development of edema and leukocyte infiltration [35 ] Resveratrol In vivo Female ICR mice Inhibit TPA-induced COX-2 expression via modulation of the IKK-NFκ B signaling cascade in mouse skin [36 ]
Neuroprotective activities Polydatin In vivo Male Sprague–Dawley rats Reduce the volume of cerebral infraction [40 ] Polydatin In vivo Male Sprague-Dawley rats Attenuate cognitive deficits induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion in rats [41 ] In vitro Rat’s primary cortical neurons Alleviate the injuries of primary cortical neurons induced by OGD Emodin 8-O-β -D-glucopyranoside In vivo Male Wistar rats Reduce the neurological deficit score and the cerebral infraction area [42 ] In vitro Primary cortical cells Decrease LDH release
Neuroprotective activities 2-Methoxy-6-acetyl-7-methyljuglone In vitro PC12 cells Enhance antioxidative effect [43 ] Resveratrol In vivo Male Sprague-Dawley rats Increase the SOD and GPx activities [44 ]
Cardioprotective activities Polydatin In vivo Female Japanese Giant Ear Reduce the serum levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, and LDL [47 ] Polydatin In vivo Male Sprague-Dawley rats Activate PKC and open mitochondrial ATP-sensitive K+ channel [48 ]
Polydatin In vivo Male Kunming mice Inhibit the activation of RAAS and decrease the excretion of endothelin-1,
, and angiotensin II [49 ] Resveratrol In vitro Human cardiac AC16 cells Activate STAT3 signaling [50 ] Resveratrol In vivo Male apo E−/− mice semisynthetic diet Elevate apo-AI/apo B ratio and levels of HDL-cholesterol [51 ] Resveratrol In vivo Male Sprague–Dawley rats Improve cardiac function and reduce myocardial infarct size and cardiomyocyte apoptosis in the IR rat heart [52 ] Radiotherapeutic effect Resveratrol In vivo ICR mice Protect salivary glands against radiation-induced dysfunction in mice [58 ] Chemopreventive and antitumor effects Resveratrol In vitro Human NPC cell lines Impede CSCs properties through the activation of p53 [59 ] Resveratrol In vitro MCF-7 breast cancer cells Inhibit HSP expression [60 ]
Estrogen-like activities EmodinO-β -D-glucopyranoside In vitro MCF-7 cells Enhance the proliferation of MCF-7
and ERβ [53 ] Citreorosein In vitro Recombinant yeastSaccharomyces cerevisiae strain BJ3505) Possess estrogenic activity [55 ] Cosmeceutical and dermatological effects Physcion, In vitro Dorsal skin from pigs Inhibit tyrosinase activity and exert higher permeability into the skin [54 ]
