Medical Yoga for Patients with Stress-Related Symptoms and Diagnoses in Primary Health Care: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Table 2

Stress, burnout symptoms, anxiety, insomnia, and perception of health status at baseline and after 12-week medical yoga intervention.

	Before intervention			After intervention			Difference between study groups regarding change in symptoms
	Control group	Yoga group	𝑃 value	Control group	Yoga group	𝑃 value	Mean difference; [95% CI]	𝑃 value
PSS	34.2 ± 10.7	36.3 ± 10.2	0.749	32.1 ± 8.9 (−2.2)	18.7 ± 6.7 (−17.7)	0.000	15.5 [8.1–23.0]	0.000*
SMBQ	4.7 ± 0.8	4.4 ± 1.2	0.638	3.7 ± 0.6 (−1.0)	3.2 ± 0.6 (−1.1)	0.024	0.1 [−0.4–0.7]	0.412
HADS, total	21.2 ± 8.3	19.9 ± 9.8	0.738	17.2 ± 8.2 (−4.1)	10.6 ± 6.7 (−9.4)	0.014	5.3 [0.0–9.8]	0.047*
HADS, anxiety	12.7 ± 5.0	11.8 ± 5.0	0.680	10.5 ± 4.5 (−2.2)	6.4 ± 3.5 (−5.3)	0.008	3.2 [0.8–5.6]	0.019*
HADS, depr.	8.5 ± 3.9	8.2 ± 5.1	0.903	6.6 ± 4.3 (−1.9)	4.1 ± 3.8 (−4.1)	0.045	2.1 [−0.2–4.6]	0.123
ISI	15.7 ± 4.5	11.4 ± 7.6	0.075	14.1 ± 5.1 (−1.6)	8.0 ± 6.3 (−3.4)	0.004	1.8 [−1.2–4.7]	0.334
EQ-VAS	43.6 ± 20.6	50.7 ± 21.3	0.253	49.2 ± 17.5 (5.5)	69.8 ± 22.9 (19.1)	0.001	−13.6 [−26.0– −1.2)]	0.018*

Data are presented as mean ± SD. 𝑃 values refer to the difference between the control group and the yoga group before, after and for the *difference between study groups regarding mean change in symptoms after the study period. The change in scores was calculated (after intervention and before intervention), as shown within parenthesis. (Mann-Whitney 𝑈 test, 𝑃<0.05). 95% confidence interval of the difference between groups is presented. Control group, 𝑛=19 and yoga group, 𝑛=18. CI: confidence interval; Euro Quality of Life-visual analogue scale (EQ-VAS); HADS: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; ISI: Insomnia Severity Index; PSS: Perceived Stress Scale; SMBQ: Shirom-Melamed Burnout Questionnaire.