The Effects of Brazilian Green Propolis against Excessive Light-Induced Cell Damage in Retina and Fibroblast Cells
Figure 2
Effects of propolis and its constituents on cell damage or phosphorylated p38 induced by UVA irradiation in a 661W culture. ((a)–(e)) Cell viability was assessed by immersing cells in WST-8 solution for 6 h at 37°C, with absorbance recorded at 492 nm. UVA induced a decrease in cell viability. (a) Propolis at 10 and 30 μg/mL significantly inhibited UVA-induced cell damage in a 661W culture. (b) 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid, (c) 3,4-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid, and (d) chlorogenic acid at 1 and 3 μg/mL significantly inhibited cell damage, respectively. (e) p-Coumaric acid at 1 μg/mL inhibited cell damage. (f) Representative band images showing activation of p38 in the nontreated, UVA exposure plus vehicle-treated, and UVA exposure plus propolis-treated cells. UVA exposure plus vehicle-treated group had 2 lanes. (g) Quantitative analysis of the band density of p38. Data are shown as means ± S.E.M. (). *, ** versus UVA exposure plus the vehicle-treated group, and ## versus control. CGA: chlorogenic acid, p-CA: p-coumaric acid, 3,5-CQA: 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid, and 3,4-CQA: 3,4-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid.
