Use of Self-Care and Practitioner-Based Forms of Complementary and Alternative Medicine before and after a Diagnosis of Breast Cancer
Table 6
Factors associated with starting (vs. continuing, stopping or never using) self-care and practitioner-based CAM after diagnosis among women in the LIBCSP, multivariable analyses, OR (95% Confidence Interval).
Multivitaminsb
Single vitamins/mineralsb
Botanicalsb
Other dietary supplementsb
Mind-bodyb
Special dietsb
Prayerb
Support groupsb
CAM practitionersb
Agea
Continuous
1.00 (0.97–1.03)
1.01 (0.98–1.04)
0.99 (0.95–1.04)
0.99 (0.96–1.03)
0.93 (0.89–0.97)
1.01 (0.97–1.05)
0.92 (0.87–0.98)
0.96 (0.93–0.99)
0.96 (0.93–0.99)
Racea
Non-Hispanic white
1 (Ref)
1 (Ref)
1 (Ref)
1 (Ref)
1 (Ref)
1 (Ref)
1 (Ref)
1 (Ref)
1 (Ref)
All Other
2.09 (0.98–4.46)
1.37 (0.60–3.13)
3.46 (1.33–9.01)
0.76 (0.25–2.34)
0.93 (0.31–2.79)
3.63 (1.53–8.63)
3.52 (1.02–12.10)
0.87 (0.35–2.14)
1.18 (0.48–2.87)
Annual household incomea
<$25k
1 (Ref)
1 (Ref)
1 (Ref)
1 (Ref)
1 (Ref)
1 (Ref)
1 (Ref)
1 (Ref)
1 (Ref)
$25k–$49,999
1.07 (0.52–2.17)
1.30 (0.60–2.80)
0.41 (0.14–1.23)
0.93 (0.34–2.55)
0.84 (0.25–2.91)
1.17 (0.44–3.09)
0.30 (0.06–1.39)
1.39 (0.47–4.13)
0.31 (0.13–0.72)
$50k–$89,999
0.90 (0.42–1.93)
1.49 (0.66–3.36)
0.47 (0.16–1.43)
1.23 (0.43–3.53)
0.71 (0.21–2.38)
0.74 (0.26–2.10)
0.39 (0.10–1.61)
1.89 (0.64–5.55)
0.39 (0.17–0.90)
≥$90k
1.02 (0.44–2.36)
2.00 (0.83–4.85)
0.70 (0.22–2.30)
1.41 (0.46–4.34)
0.33 (0.09–1.25)
0.75 (0.24–2.33)
0.29 (0.06–1.47)
1.75 (0.57–5.38)
0.59 (0.24–1.46)
Educationa
≤High school grad.
1 (Ref)
1 (Ref)
1 (Ref)
1 (Ref)
1 (Ref)
1 (Ref)
1 (Ref)
1 (Ref)
1 (Ref)
Some college
0.96 (0.57–1.62)
1.03 (0.61–1.72)
1.89 (0.91–3.95)
1.64 (0.86–3.10)
2.02 (0.98–4.17)
1.13 (0.59–2.17)
2.26 (0.80–6.37)
1.24 (0.66–2.31)
1.47 (0.80–2.68)
College graduate
0.82 (0.41–1.65)
0.89 (0.44–1.78)
0.82 (0.31–2.21)
0.93 (0.39–2.25)
1.76 (0.73–4.26)
0.86 (0.36–2.07)
0.87 (0.22–3.46)
2.27 (1.13–4.56)
1.05 (0.48–2.27)
Postgraduate
1.54 (0.84–2.82)
0.97 (0.51–1.81)
1.57 (0.66–3.72)
1.36 (0.64–2.87)
3.90 (1.76–8.62)
0.87 (0.38–2.00)
2.01 (0.59–6.80)
1.75 (0.90–3.40)
1.49 (0.75–2.96)
BMI at diagnosisa
<25
1 (Ref)
1 (Ref)
1 (Ref)
1 (Ref)
1 (Ref)
1 (Ref)
1 (Ref)
1 (Ref)
1 (Ref)
25–29
1.01 (0.64–1.60)
0.86 (0.54–1.38)
1.02 (0.53–1.96)
1.10 (0.63–1.93)
1.27 (0.69–2.33)
0.73 (0.41–1.28)
0.38 (0.13–1.12)
1.35 (0.82–2.23)
1.07 (0.63–1.82)
≥30
1.05 (0.61–1.81)
1.06 (0.61–1.85)
1.54 (0.69–3.45)
1.28 (0.64–2.57)
2.11 (1.03–4.33)
0.23 (0.08–0.64)
1.31 (0.47–3.63)
0.89 (0.46–1.74)
1.30 (0.70–2.40)
Menopausal (meno.) statusa
Premeno.
1 (Ref)
1 (Ref)
1 (Ref)
1 (Ref)
1 (Ref)
1 (Ref)
1 (Ref)
1 (Ref)
1 (Ref)
Postmeno.
0.92 (0.50–1.68)
0.83 (0.45–1.56)
0.85 (0.38–1.87)
1.12 (0.54–2.34)
0.52 (0.24–1.10)
0.84 (0.38–1.84)
0.81 (0.26–2.47)
1.20 (0.65–2.23)
0.90 (0.47–1.75)
Mammograma
Never/>5 yrs ago
1 (Ref)
1 (Ref)
1 (Ref)
1 (Ref)
1 (Ref)
1 (Ref)
1 (Ref)
1 (Ref)
1 (Ref)
<5 yrs ago
1.06 (0.60–1.87)
0.91 (0.52–1.62)
1.07 (0.34–3.38)
1.53 (0.48–4.86)
1.20 (0.56–2.57)
0.86 (0.42–1.73)
1.70 (0.60–4.81)
0.97 (0.52–1.78)
1.66 (0.71–3.86)
Physical activity (h/wk)a
0
1 (Ref)
1 (Ref)
1 (Ref)
1 (Ref)
1 (Ref)
1 (Ref)
1 (Ref)
1 (Ref)
1 (Ref)
0–0.69
0.70 (0.40–1.23)
1.44 (0.82–2.51)
1.03 (0.42–2.56)
1.07 (0.54–2.15)
1.39 (0.62–3.07)
1.57 (0.70–3.52)
0.47 (0.14–1.55)
0.71 (0.35–1.42)
0.89 (0.46–1.75)
0.70–2.6
0.97 (0.57–1.66)
1.16 (0.65–2.06)
1.28 (0.56–2.92)
0.57 (0.27–1.21)
1.34 (0.62–2.90)
1.99 (0.91–4.33)
0.70 (0.24–1.99)
1.22 (0.65–2.29)
0.82 (0.43–1.57)
≥2.7
0.71 (0.40–1.27)
0.85 (0.46–1.57)
1.37 (0.60–3.10)
1.06 (0.53–2.13)
1.16 (0.52–2.59)
1.81 (0.83–3.99)
0.94 (0.33–2.68)
0.90 (0.47–1.73)
1.14 (0.60–2.15)
Cigarette smoking statusa
Never
1 (Ref)
1 (Ref)
1 (Ref)
1 (Ref)
1 (Ref)
1 (Ref)
1 (Ref)
1 (Ref)
1 (Ref)
Current
0.69 (0.39–1.22)
0.81 (0.46–1.43)
1.47 (0.66–3.31)
0.72 (0.34–1.55)
0.92 (0.45–1.88)
0.77 (0.36–1.65)
1.04 (0.39–2.72)
0.72 (0.38–1.35)
1.23 (0.67–2.28)
Former
0.83 (0.53–1.30)
0.80 (0.51–1.26)
1.32 (0.70–2.51)
1.23 (0.72–2.09)
0.93 (0.51–1.69)
1.13 (0.63–2.00)
0.49 (0.18–1.34)
0.63 (0.38–1.05)
1.12 (0.66–1.88)
Alcohol usea
Never
1 (Ref)
1 (Ref)
1 (Ref)
1 (Ref)
1 (Ref)
1 (Ref)
1 (Ref)
1 (Ref)
1 (Ref)
Ever
0.80 (0.52–1.22)
0.85 (0.55–1.30)
1.08 (0.57–2.03)
1.13 (0.66–1.95)
0.77 (0.44–1.35)
0.88 (0.50–1.55)
1.66 (0.68–4.07)
1.11 (0.68–1.81)
0.50 (0.31–0.81)
Fruit and vegetable intake (servings/wk)a
0–34
1 (Ref)
1 (Ref)
1 (Ref)
1 (Ref)
1 (Ref)
1 (Ref)
1 (Ref)
1 (Ref)
1 (Ref)
≥35
0.70 (0.46–1.08)
0.77 (0.50–1.18)
0.92 (0.51–1.64)
1.04 (0.63–1.72)
0.89 (0.51–1.54)
0.93 (0.54–1.58)
0.56 (0.23–1.35)
1.20 (0.77–1.89)
1.75 (1.10–2.78)
Stage at diagnosisa
In situ
1 (Ref)
1 (Ref)
1 (Ref)
1 (Ref)
1 (Ref)
1 (Ref)
1 (Ref)
1 (Ref)
1 (Ref)
Invasive
0.85 (0.47–1.54)
0.58 (0.32–1.06)
0.96 (0.43–2.18)
0.73 (0.37–1.45)
0.84 (0.38–1.89)
0.82 (0.39–1.71)
0.51 (0.15–1.68)
2.14 (0.99–4.64)
1.02 (0.53–1.97)
Treatments receivedb
Chemo. (no/yes)
1.00 (0.62–1.60)
1.12 (0.69–1.82)
0.88 (0.45–1.74)
0.58 (0.31–1.07)
1.04 (0.55–1.99)
1.08 (0.59–1.99)
1.78 (0.65–4.93)
1.24 (0.74–2.08)
0.75 (0.43–1.29)
Tamoxifen (no/yes)
1.39 (0.89–2.17)
1.86 (1.17–2.95)
0.92 (0.50–1.68)
1.54 (0.88–2.69)
1.41 (0.79–2.52)
0.69 (0.40–1.19)
1.32 (0.57–3.06)
1.17 (0.72–1.90)
1.04 (0.64–1.70)
Continuous CAM Use before diagnosisb
Multivit.
N/A
0.51 (0.33–0.77)
1.23 (0.66–2.30)
1.12 (0.66–1.91)
0.57 (0.33–1.00)
0.97 (0.56–1.67)
0.59 (0.26–1.33)
0.99 (0.61–1.60)
0.85 (0.52–1.39)
Single vit.
0.52 (0.34–0.78)
N/A
9.92 (3.69–26.63)
1.17 (0.68–2.01)
1.49 (0.82–2.73)
0.92 (0.52–1.62)
0.63 (0.27–1.49)
1.23 (0.73–2.05)
0.93 (0.56–1.53)
Botanicals
1.13 (0.72–1.79)
1.62 (1.02–2.57)
N/A
2.02 (1.20–3.41)
1.98 (1.15–3.41)
2.42 (1.41–4.15)
1.65 (0.74–3.71)
1.26 (0.79–2.00)
1.49 (0.91–2.43)
Other diet. supp.
0.93 (0.44–1.94)
0.39 (0.15–1.05)
2.72 (1.39–5.33)
N/A
1.19 (0.55–2.58)
1.04 (0.44–2.47)
1.55 (0.48–5.03)
1.72 (0.93–3.16)
0.88 (0.41–1.90)
Mind-body
0.68 (0.36–1.26)
0.88 (0.47–1.64)
1.36 (0.69–2.68)
1.69 (0.91–3.12)
N/A
0.58 (0.27–1.26)
0.66 (0.21–2.04)
2.39 (1.40–4.05)
0.80 (0.42–1.53)
Special diet
0.69 (0.41–1.18)
0.58 (0.33–1.00)
1.09 (0.58–2.06)
1.17 (0.66–2.07)
1.12 (0.61–2.06)
N/A
0.95 (0.37–2.48)
1.12 (0.67–1.86)
0.63 (0.35–1.13)
CAM practitioner
0.93 (0.56–1.56)
0.55 (0.31–0.97)
0.93 (0.49–1.75)
0.50 (0.26–0.96)
1.13 (0.63–2.04)
0.68 (0.35–1.33)
1.00 (0.39–2.60)
1.35 (0.82–2.23)
N/A
Data collected at baseline, 1996-1997; bData collected at follow-up, 2002–2004. Bold text indicates statistically significant odds ratio ().
