Research Article
Integrative TCM Conservative Therapy for Low Back Pain due to Lumbar Disc Herniation: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Table 1
Baseline characteristics of the study participants*.
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Plus-minus values are means ± SD unless otherwise noted. Stage of the disease is divided according to duration of the low back pain symptoms first appeared of this time, acute stage (0~14 days), subacute stage (15~30 days), and chronic stage (30 days). #Visual analogue scale (VAS, range 0 to 100) with higher scores indicating greater pain. &Based on imaging examination to determine the segments of lumbar disc herniation; L3/L4 means disc herniation between the third and fourth lumbar, and the others are the same. †The Chinese Short Form Oswestry Disability Index (C-SFODI, range 0 to 100%) consists of 9 questions. A higher percentage indicates a more severe functional disability. |