Evodiamine (Evo) induces TRPV1-mediated JNK activation. Cells treated with or without capsazepine (CPZ) were incubated with Evo for a further 12 h. Cell lysates were analyzed using Western blotting with anti-p-JNK and anti-t-JNK1 anti-bodies. t-JNK1 was used as an internal control to normalize the amount of proteins applied in each lane. The phosphorylated JNKs were quantified using Gel-Pro Analyzer densitometry software.
