Swertiamarin: An Active Lead from <i>Enicostemma littorale</i> Regulates Hepatic and Adipose Tissue Gene Expression by Targeting PPAR-<i>γ</i> and Improves Insulin Sensitivity in Experimental NIDDM Rat Model

<table>(a) Effect of EL extract and SM treatments on the mRNA expression of PEPCK, GK, Glut 2, and <i>β</i>-actin in the hepatic tissue as compared to diabetic rats (Gel image). (b) Effect of EL extract and SM treatments on the expression of PEPCK, GK, and Glut 2 in the hepatic tissue as compared to diabetic rats. The expression levels were checked using semi-quantitative RT-PCR and densitometric analysis. Data presented as mean ± SEM of 4 independent observations. <sup>##</sup><svg height="11.375" id="M15" style="vertical-align:-0.1638pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 58.712502 11.375" width="58.712502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
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</svg> versus control rats; **<svg height="11.375" id="M16" style="vertical-align:-0.1638pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 58.712502 11.375" width="58.712502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
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</svg> versus diabetic rats.</table>

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

fig5

Figure 5

Figure 5: Swertiamarin: An Active Lead from <i>Enicostemma littorale</i> Regulates Hepatic and Adipose Tissue Gene Expression by Targeting PPAR-<i>γ</i> and Improves Insulin Sensitivity in Experimental NIDDM Rat Model 

Figure 5 | Swertiamarin: An Active Lead from Enicostemma littorale Regulates Hepatic and Adipose Tissue Gene Expression by Targeting PPAR-γ and Improves Insulin Sensitivity in Experimental NIDDM Rat Model 