The Herbal Drug Melampyrum pratense L. (Koch): Isolation and Identification of Its Bioactive Compounds Targeting Mediators of Inflammation

Table 1

Investigation of Melampyrum pratense extracts for agonistic activity towards PPAR𝛼 and PPAR𝛾, inhibition of TNF-𝛼 induced NF-𝜅B activity, and reduction of TNF-𝛼 or LPS induced expression of IL-8, and E-selectin in vitro.

Plant; material	Preparation	PPAR𝛼 activation	PPAR𝛾 activation	NF-𝜅B inhibition	E-selectin +TNF	IL-8; +TNF	E-selectin +LPS	IL-8; +LPS
Melampyrum pratense herb	DCM extract	−	−	−	+++	+	++	+++
	DCM extract chlorophyll-depleted	−	−	−	++	+++	++	+++
	MeOH extract	−	−	−	+++	+++	+++	+++
	MeOH extract detannified	−	−	+++	+++	+++	++	+++

DCM: dichloromethane; MeOH: methanol. Dry material from all test samples was dissolved in DMSO at a concentration of 10 mg/mL and tested at a final concentration of 10 𝜇g/mL. Regarding PPARs, no activation compared to control (0.1% DMSO): −; Regarding NF-𝜅B, IL-8, and E-selectin: inhibition in the range of 0%–25% compared to the vehicle treated control (0.1% DMSO): −; 25%–50% inhibition (𝑃<0.05): +; 50%–80% inhibition (𝑃<0.05): ++; over 80% inhibition (𝑃<0.05): +++. At least three independent experiments were performed with every sample, and statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA.