The Herbal Drug Melampyrum pratense L. (Koch): Isolation and Identification of Its Bioactive Compounds Targeting Mediators of Inflammation

Table 2

Results of the SPE subfractions of Melampyrum pratense chlorophyll-depleted DCM extract and detannified MeOH extract tested on inflammatory targets in vitro.

Initial extract	Preparation	PPAR𝛼; activation	PPAR𝛾; activation	NF-𝜅B; inhibition	E-selectin; +TNF	IL-8; +TNF	E-selectin; +LPS	IL-8; +LPS
DCM extract chlorophyll-depleted	SPE 30% MeOH	−	+	+	++	−	++	−
	SPE 70% MeOH	+++	+++	+++	+++	−	+++	+++
	SPE 100% MeOH	+++	+++	+++	−	−	++	++
MeOH extract detannified	SPE 30% MeOH	−	+	+++	++	−	++	+++
	SPE 70% MeOH	+++	+++	+++	+++	−	++	++
	SPE 100% MeOH	−	+	+	−	−	+++	+++

Fractions were tested in triplicates at a concentration of 10 μg/mL for PPARs activation, TNF-𝛼 induced NF-𝜅B inhibition, and reduction of LPS or TNF-𝛼 induced expression of IL-8 and E-selectin. Regarding PPARs, no activation compared to control (0.1% DMSO): −; 1.25 to 1.5-fold activity compared to control (𝑃<0.05): +; 1.5 to 2-fold activity compared to control (𝑃<0.05): ++; more than 2-fold of the control (𝑃<0.05): +++. Regarding NF-𝜅B, IL-8, and E-selectin, inhibition in the range of 0%–25% compared to the vehicle treated control (0.1% DMSO): −; 25%–50% inhibition (𝑃<0.05): +; 50%–80% inhibition (𝑃<0.05): ++; over 80% inhibition (𝑃<0.05): +++. At least three independent experiments were performed with every sample, and statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA.