The Effect of Live Spontaneous Harp Music on Patients in the Intensive Care Unit

Table 3

Experimental parameters for control group pre- and postrest period.

Parameter	𝑁^1	Prerest period (SD)	Postrest period (SD)	𝑃 value
Respiration rate (br/min)	48	19.3 (4.8)	18.8 (4.6)	NS
Oxygen saturation (%)	49	96.2 (3.2)	96.3 (3.0)	NS
Systolic BP; (mmHg)	48	116.7 (21.0)	115.7 (20.5)	NS
Diastolic BP; (mmHg)	48	62.6 (11.4)	61.2 (12.0)	NS
Heart rate; (bpm)	48	76.7 (9.6)	76.7 (9.8)	NS
SDRR^2 (ms)	27	34.3 (29.2)	32.7 (29.1)	NS
RMSSD^3 (ms)	27	45.5 (44.5)	43.2 (42.9)	NS
Pain (0–10)	43	2.5 (3.0)	2.5 (3.0)	NS

1Values of 𝑁 for HRV (SDRR and RMSSD) are less than 50 as some data could not be analyzed due to arrhythmias and anomalies. Values of 𝑁 for pain are reduced due to inability for some patients to self-report pain.
2SDRR: standard deviation of the RR interval in the HRV monitoring.
3RMSSD: the root means square of successive differences of the RR interval.