Metabolomic Study of Collagen-Induced Arthritis in Rats and the Interventional Effects of Huang-Lian-Jie-Du-Tang, a Traditional Chinese Medicine
Table 2
Potential biomarkers in response to RA and their metabolic pathways.
Mode
Number
/min
Formula
Identification
Folda
valuea
Related pathway
1
1.16
104.1076
C5H14NO
Cholineb
26.11
0.000
Glycerophospholipid metabolism
2
1.19
162.1129
C7H15NO3
Carnitineb
−0.84
0.000
Fatty acid metabolism, oxidative injury
3
1.20
258.1108
C8H21NO6P
Glycerophosphocholinec
25.39
0.000
Glycerophospholipid metabolism
4
1.73
204.1235
C9H17NO4
Acetylcarnitinec
0.819
0.006
Fatty acid metabolism, oxidative injury
5
3.06
166.0869
C9H11NO2
L-Phenylalanineb
0.81
0.005
Phenylalanine metabolism
ESI(+)
6
5.07
180.0661
C9H9NO3
Hippuric acidb
25.27
0.007
Phenylalanine metabolism
7
5.30
194.0820
C10H11NO3
Phenylacetylglycinec
−0.93
0.004
Phenylalanine metabolism
8
10.13
357.2796
C24H36O2
DHA ethyl esterc
3.19
0.002
Alpha linolenic acid and linoleic acid metabolism
9
14.89
400.3427
C23H45NO4
Palmitoyl-L-carnitinec
0.57
0.003
Fatty acid metabolism
10
16.58
305.2481
C20H32O2
Arachidonic acidb
0.94
0.002
Arachidonic acid metabolism
11
16.79
271.2637
C17H34O2
Palmitic acid methyl esterc
4.09
0.000
Fatty acid metabolism
12
1.24
157.0361
C4H6N4O3
Allantoinb
2.13
0.000
Purine metabolism, oxidative injury
13
1.74
167.0207
C5H4N4O3
Uric acidb
−1.16
0.004
Purine metabolism, oxidative injury
14
2.19
219.0775
C11H12N2O3
5-Hydroxy tryptophanb
0.99
0.008
Tryptophan metabolism
ESI(−)
15
4.51
203.0831
C11H12N2O2
L-Tryptophanb
1.61
0.003
Tryptophan metabolism
16
8.34
212.0025
C8H7NO4S
Indoxyl sulfatec
1.27
0.003
Tryptophan metabolism
17
6.21
464.3024
C26H43NO6
Glycocholic acidc
−0.38
0.022
Bile acid biosynthesis
18
10.14
391.2855
C24H40O4
Deoxycholic acidc
−0.44
0.046
Bile acid biosynthesis
aFold changes (calculated as log2 (average peak intensity of model group/average peak intensity of normal control group) and value compared with normal control group on day 22.
bMetabolites validated with standards.
cMetabolites putatively annotated.