Effect of Formononetin on Mechanical Properties and Chemical Composition of Bones in Rats with Ovariectomy-Induced Osteoporosis

Table 3

Effects of estradiol and formononetin on bone mechanical properties in ovariectomized rats.

Parameter	SHAM	OVX	OVX + ES	OVX + FRM
Femoral diaphysis
Maximum load (N)	94.0 ± 3.6	88.2 ± 3.5	93.2 ± 5.6	92.1 ± 3.8
Displacement for maximum load (mm)	0.60 ± 0.02	0.65 ± 0.02	0.58 ± 0.01	0.62 ± 0.01
Fracture load (N)	93.9 ± 3.6	84.5 ± 6.0	94.0 ± 8.3	88.0 ± 3.8
Displacement for fracture load (mm)	0.61 ± 0.03	0.72 ± 0.07	0.60 ± 0.09	0.63 ± 0.03
Young’s modulus (MPa)	4673.9 ± 474.7	4386.7 ± 384.4	4933.7 ± 333.5	5352.2 ± 463.7
Tibial metaphysis
Maximum load (N)	114.9 ± 5.1	56.3 ± 7.9^AAA	75.9 ± 10.0	67.4 ± 5.4
Displacement for maximum load (mm)	0.85 ± 0.07	0.86 ± 0.05	0.90 ± 0.07	0.91 ± 0.06
Fracture load (N)	110.7 ± 3.8	50.4 ± 9.9^AAA	75.4 ± 9.9^B	65.5 ± 4.9
Displacement for fracture load (mm)	1.01 ± 0.07	1.16 ± 0.27	1.06 ± 0.22	1.09 ± 0.02
Young’s modulus (MPa)	3318.2 ± 957.6	1628.3 ± 449.3^A	1774.3 ± 492.3	1943.3 ± 228.3
Femoral neck
Maximum load (N)	93.2 ± 3.1	80.9 ± 6.2	90.2 ± 5.3	78.6 ± 4.8

Results are presented as means ± SEM (𝑛=7). ^A𝑃<0.05, ^AAA𝑃<0.001—statistically significant differences between the OVX and the SHAM groups; ^B𝑃<0.05—statistically significant differences in comparison with the OVX group.