The Ameliorating Effect of Steamed and Fermented Codonopsis lanceolata on Scopolamine-Induced Memory Impairment in Mice

Figure 3

The neuroprotective effects of fermented C. lanceolata against glutamate-induced cytotoxicity in neuronal HT22 cells. Each bar represents the mean relative protection ± SD of 3 independent experiments. *𝑃<0.05,   **𝑃<0.01, and ***𝑃<0.001 versus glutamate-injured cells.