In Vitro Global Gene Expression Analyses Support the Ethnopharmacological Use of Achyranthes aspera

Table 3

Signaling pathways affected by LE in Pancreatic cancer cells. The experimental data of 82 genes (see “Section 3.3”) were uploaded to Metacore tool. It identified 98 pathways to be regulated by LE. The number of pathways affected under each category is indicated in parenthesis.

No.	Pathway map	𝑃 value	Ratio
	Immune response (27)
1	Immune response_MIF-mediated glucocorticoid regulation	1.437𝐸−03	2 : 22
2	Immune response_IL-27 signaling pathway	1.712𝐸−03	2 : 24
3	Immune response_HSP60 and HSP70/TLR signaling pathway	8.466𝐸−03	2 : 54
4	Immune response_IFN alpha/beta signaling pathway	6.049𝐸−02	1 : 24
5	Immune response_role of HMGB1 in dendritic cell maturation and migration	6.780𝐸−02	1 : 27
6	Immune response_CD137 signaling in immune cell	7.265𝐸−02	1 : 29
7	Immune response_Delta-type opioid receptor signaling in T-cells	7.265𝐸−02	1 : 29
8	Immune response_IL-22 signaling pathway	8.465𝐸−02	1 : 34
9	CCR4-dependent immune cell chemotaxis in asthma and atopic dermatitis	8.465𝐸−02	1 : 34
10	Mechanism of action of CCR4 antagonists in asthma and atopic dermatitis (Variant 1)	8.465𝐸−02	1 : 34
11	Immune response_regulation of T cell function by CTLA-4	8.941𝐸−02	1 : 36
12	Immune response_role of integrins in NK cells cytotoxicity	9.415𝐸−02	1 : 38
13	Immune response_Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation	9.886𝐸−02	1 : 40
14	Immune response_IL-5 signalling	1.082𝐸−01	1 : 44
15	Immune response_PGE2 signaling in immune response	1.105𝐸−01	1 : 45
16	Immune response_NF-AT signaling and leukocyte interactions	1.129𝐸−01	1 : 46
17	Immune response_histamine H1 receptor signaling in immune response	1.175𝐸−01	1 : 48
18	Immune response_IL-2 activation and signaling pathway	1.198𝐸−01	1 : 49
19	Immune response_function of MEF2 in T lymphocytes	1.221𝐸−01	1 : 50
20	Immune response_HMGB1/RAGE signaling pathway	1.289𝐸−01	1 : 53
21	Immune response _IFN gamma signaling pathway	1.312𝐸−01	1 : 54
22	Immune response_CCR5 signaling in macrophages and T lymphocytes	1.402𝐸−01	1 : 58
23	Immune response_immunological synapse formation	1.425𝐸−01	1 : 59
24	Immune response_TREM1 signaling pathway	1.425𝐸−01	1 : 59
25	Immune response_IL-17 signaling pathways	1.447𝐸−01	1 : 60
26	Immune response_CD40 signaling	1.558𝐸−01	1 : 65
27	Immune response_CD16 signaling in NK cells	1.646𝐸−01	1 : 69
	Metabolism (17)
28	Mitochondrial ketone bodies biosynthesis and metabolism	6.780𝐸−02	1 : 27
29	Propionate metabolism p.1	9.651𝐸−02	1 : 39
30	Selenoamino acid metabolism	1.312𝐸−01	1 : 54
31	Phenylalanine metabolism/rodent version	1.580𝐸−01	1 : 66
32	Propionate metabolism p.2	1.580𝐸−01	1 : 66
33	Phenylalanine metabolism	1.602𝐸−01	1 : 67
34	Leucine, isoleucine and valine metabolism.p.2	1.841𝐸−01	1 : 78
35	Leucine, isoleucine, and valine metabolism/Rodent version	1.884𝐸−01	1 : 80
36	Tyrosine metabolism p.2 (melanin)	1.947𝐸−01	1 : 83
37	Lysine metabolism	1.968𝐸−01	1 : 84
38	Lysine metabolism/rodent version	2.010𝐸−01	1 : 86
39	GTP-XTP metabolism	2.094𝐸−01	1 : 90
40	Tryptophan metabolism	2.319𝐸−01	1 : 101
41	Tryptophan metabolism/rodent version	2.339𝐸−01	1 : 102
42	CTP/UTP metabolism	2.459𝐸−01	1 : 108
43	NAD metabolism	2.674𝐸−01	1 : 119
44	ATP/ITP metabolism	2.770𝐸−01	1 : 124
	Development (12)
45	Development_glucocorticoid receptor signaling	6.049𝐸−02	1 : 24
46	Development_cross-talk between VEGF and angiopoietin 1 signaling pathways	6.537𝐸−02	1 : 26
47	Development_osteopontin signaling in osteoclasts	7.506𝐸−02	1 : 30
48	Development_BMP signaling	8.226𝐸−02	1 : 33
49	Development_lipoxin inhibitory action on PDGF, EGF, and LTD4 signaling	8.941𝐸−02	1 : 36
50	Development_beta-adrenergic receptors transactivation of EGFR	9.179𝐸−02	1 : 37
51	Development_notch signaling pathway	1.059𝐸−01	1 : 43
52	Development_S1P3 receptor signaling pathway	1.059𝐸−01	1 : 43
53	Development_VEGF signaling and activation	1.059𝐸−01	1 : 43
54	Development_S1P1 signaling pathway	1.082𝐸−01	1 : 44
55	Development_beta-adrenergic receptors regulation of ERK	1.152𝐸−01	1 : 47
56	Development_WNT signaling pathway, part 2	1.289𝐸−01	1 : 53
	Gene expression regulation (6)
57	Transcription_assembly of RNA polymerase II preinitiation complex on TATA-less promoters	1.204𝐸−05	3 : 18
58	Translation_IL-2 regulation of translation	5.066𝐸−02	1 : 20
59	Transcription_role of akt in hypoxia induced HIF1 activation	6.780𝐸−02	1 : 27
60	Transcription_ligand-dependent transcription of retinoid-target genes	8.226𝐸−02	1 : 33
61	Transcription_role of AP-1 in regulation of cellular metabolism	9.415𝐸−02	1 : 38
62	Translation_(L)-selenoaminoacids incorporation in proteins during translation	1.012𝐸−01	1 : 41
	Cell adhesion (5)
63	Cell adhesion_IL-8-dependent cell migration and adhesion	8.226𝐸−02	1 : 33
64	Cell adhesion_cell-matrix glycoconjugates	9.415𝐸−02	1 : 38
65	Cell adhesion_ephrin signaling	1.105𝐸−01	1 : 45
66	Cell adhesion_ECM remodeling	1.267𝐸−01	1 : 52
67	Cell adhesion_chemokines and adhesion	2.299𝐸−01	1 : 100
	CFTR regulation (4)
68	CFTR folding and maturation (norm and CF)	3.572𝐸−02	1 : 14
69	wtCFTR and delta F508 traffic/late endosome and lysosome (norm and CF)	3.823𝐸−02	1 : 15
70	Regulation of degradation of delta F508 CFTR in CF	6.780𝐸−02	1 : 27
71	Mechanisms of CFTR activation by S-nitrosoglutathione (normal and CF)	1.129𝐸−01	1 : 46
	Chemotaxis (4)
72	Chemotaxis_CCR4-induced chemotaxis of immune cells	8.465𝐸−02	1 : 34
73	Chemotaxis_lipoxin inhibitory action on fMLP-induced neutrophil chemotaxis	1.129𝐸−01	1 : 46
74	Chemotaxis_inhibitory action of lipoxins on IL-8- and leukotriene B4-induced neutrophil migration	1.244𝐸−01	1 : 51
75	Chemotaxis_leukocyte chemotaxis	1.777𝐸−01	1 : 75
	Oxidative stress (4)
76	Oxidative stress_role of ASK1 under oxidative stress	8.465𝐸−02	1 : 34
77	Mitochondrial unsaturated fatty acid beta-oxidation	1.105𝐸−01	1 : 45
78	Mitochondrial long chain fatty acid beta-oxidation	1.947𝐸−01	1 : 83
79	Peroxisomal branched chain fatty acid oxidation	1.947𝐸−01	1 : 83
	Protein degradation (4)
80	Protein folding_membrane trafficking and signal transduction of G-alpha (i) heterotrimeric G-protein	4.819𝐸−02	1 : 19
81	Proteolysis_putative ubiquitin pathway	5.804𝐸−02	1 : 23
82	Proteolysis_role of parkin in the ubiquitin-proteasomal pathway	6.049𝐸−02	1 : 24
83	Proteolysis_putative SUMO-1 pathway	7.265𝐸−02	1 : 29
	Blood coagulation (3)
84	Blood coagulation_blood coagulation	9.651𝐸−02	1 : 39
85	Blood coagulation_GPVI-dependent platelet activation	1.335𝐸−01	1 : 55
86	Blood coagulation_GPIb-IX-V-dependent platelet activation	1.798𝐸−01	1 : 76
	DNA damage (3)
87	DNA damage_role of SUMO in p53 regulation	4.322𝐸−02	1 : 17
88	DNA damage_NHEJ mechanisms of DSBs repair	4.819𝐸−02	1 : 19
89	DNA damage_nucleotide excision repair	8.941𝐸−02	1 : 36
	Apoptosis (2)
90	Apoptosis and survival_role of IAP-proteins in apoptosis	7.747𝐸−02	1 : 31
91	Apoptosis and survival_lymphotoxin-beta receptor signaling	1.036𝐸−01	1 : 42
	Cytoskeleton remodeling (2)
92	Cytoskeleton remodeling_keratin filaments	8.941𝐸−02	1 : 36
93	Cytokine production by Th17 cells in CF	9.651𝐸−02	1 : 39
	Other (3)
94	Transport_RAB3 regulation pathway	3.572𝐸−02	1 : 14
95	Inhibitory action of lipoxin A4 on PDGF, EGF and LTD4 signaling	8.704𝐸−02	1 : 35
96	Signal transduction_calcium signaling	1.105𝐸−01	1 : 45
97	Inhibitory action of lipoxins on neutrophil migration	1.380𝐸−01	1 : 57
	Cell cycle (1)
98	Cell cycle_role of Nek in cell cycle regulation	3.037𝐸−03	2 : 32