Greater Skeletal Gains in Ovary Intact Rats at Maturity Are Achieved by Supplementing a Standardized Extract of Butea monosperma Stem Bark that Confers Better Bone Conserving Effect following Ovariectomy and Concurrent Treatment Withdrawal

Table 2

Effect of 8-week treatment withdrawal and ovariectomy on trabecular bone microarchitecture among various groups.

Parameters	OVx + vehicle; (1% gum acacia)	OVx + vehicle; (1% gum cacia); (ASFW)	OVx + E2; (10 μg/kg/day)
Femoral cancellous bone
BV/TV	−48.7 ± 0.6***	−17.6 ± 0.33^∗,p	−20.2 ± 0.65^∗,p,f
Tb.N	−50.9 ± 5.28***	−20.8 ± 2.14^∗,p	−34.08 ± 2.72^∗∗,q,g
Tb.Th	−5.6 ± 1.05	−2.5 ± 1.99	−1.8 ± 0.85
Conn.D	−60.8 ± 7.35***	−40.3 ± 5.53**	−50.08 ± 3.03**
Tb.sp	135.4 ± 10.57***	81.8 ± 8.84^∗∗,q	118.3 ± 10.83^∗∗∗,g
Tb.pf	338.8 ± 17.8***	49.4 ± 4.41^∗∗,p	120.3 ± 3.85^∗∗∗,p,e
SMI	11.5 ± 1.42*	2.32 ± 0.22^p	1.9 ± 0.2^p
DA	1.5 ± 0.05	2.7 ± 0.17^r	1.9 ± 0.43
Tibial cancellous bone
BV/TV	−51.7 ± 5.37***	−21.5 ± 2.08^∗,p	−25.8 ± 3.92^∗,p
Tb.N	−65.5 ± 2.45***	−20.8 ± 3.67^∗,p	−17.4 ± 1.03^∗,p
Tb.Th	−2.4 ± 0.01	−2.2 ± 0.013^p	−5.1 ± 0.01^p,e
Conn.D	−71.1 ± 2.57***	−50.3 ± 2.94^**,p	−42.3 ± 4.01^∗∗,p
Tb.sp	192.5 ± 10.61***	48.5 ± 4.1^∗∗,p	92.4 ± 7.14^∗∗∗,p,f
Tb.pf	73.7 ± 4.83***	10.2 ± 3.29^p	28.9 ± 5.28^∗,p,g
SMI	21.6 ± 2.57*	1.7 ± 0.73^p	2.4 ± 0.9^p
DA	4.04 ± 1.01	3.2 ± 0.86	5.4 ± 1.42

All parameters expressed in terms of mean percentage change from treatment termination (baseline). Values are mean ± SEM from 15 rats/group. ***𝑃<0.00, **𝑃<0.01, and *𝑃<0.05 compared to baseline. Student’s 𝑡-test (unpaired) was used for intragroup statistics.
^p𝑃<0.001, ^q𝑃<0.01, and ^r𝑃<0.05 compared to OVx + vehicle; ^e𝑃<0.001, ^f𝑃<0.01, and ^g𝑃<0.05 compared to ASFW.
One-way ANOVA was followed for intergroup statistics.
BV/TV: percent bone volume, Tb.N: trabecular number, Tb.Th: trabecular thickness, Conn.D: connection density, Tb.sp: trabecular separation, Tb.pf: trabecular pattern factor, SMI: structure model index, DA: degree of anisotropy.