| Country | Traditional use(s) | Plant part(s) | Preparation(s) | Reference |
| Afghanistan | Malaria | Root | Aqueous extract | [12] |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | Diarrhea, strengthening the prostate and other reproductive organs, pulmonary cancer, hangover, and purification of biliary tract | Aerial part, flowers, roots | Not stated | [92] | Liver disorders, spasmolytic, cholesterol, antiseptic | Aerial | Decoction | [15] |
| Bulgaria | Cholagogue stimulant for gastric secretion, hypoglycemic | Roots, aerial parts | Decoction | [93] |
| India | Liver disorders | Seeds | | [14] | Diabetes | Whole plant | Not stated | [17] | Jaundice, liver enlargement, gout, and rheumatism | Root | Decoction | [17] | Cough relief | Not stated | | |
| Iran | Eupeptic, stomachic, depurative, choleretic, laxative, hypotension, tonic, and antipyretic | Whole plant | Not stated | [94] |
| Italy | Blood cleansing | Leaves | Not stated | [13] | High blood pressure | Leaves | Decoction | [95] | Blood purification, arteriosclerosis, antiarthritis, antispasmodic, digestive | Leaves/roots | Decoction | [96] |
| | Depurative | Whorls | Decoction | [97] | | Choleretic, hepatoprotective against jaundice, mild laxative, hypoglycemic | Leaves | Decoction, squashed fresh leaves | [93] |
| Jordan | Internal hemorrhage, sedative in typhoid | Whole plant | Cooking | [14] |
| Morocco | Renal disease | Aerial/roots | Not stated | [98] | Kidney disorders, diabetes | Whole plant | Decoction | [99] |
| Pakistan | Diabetes | Roots | Decoction | [43] |
| Poland | Digestive complaints and lack of appetite | Roots | Tea | [5] |
| Serbia | Diarrhea | Flower | Infusion | [100] | Diuretic, digestive, laxative, anti-inflammatory, liver complaints, reducing blood sugar | Roots | Decoction/tea | [16] | Cholagogue, digestive, hypoglycemic | Aerial part/root | Not stated | [101] |
| South Africa | Jaundice, tonic | Leaves, stems, roots | | [3] |
| Turkey | Cancer, kidney stones | Roots | Decoction | [7] | Wound healing | Leaf | Ointment | [10] | Hemorrhoids, urinary disorders | Aerial | Tea | [102] |
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