Improvement of Liquid Fructose-Induced Adipose Tissue Insulin Resistance by Ginger Treatment in Rats Is Associated with Suppression of Adipose Macrophage-Related Proinflammatory Cytokines
Figure 6
Adipose mRNA expression of CD68 (a), F4/80 (b), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α (c), interleukin (IL)-6 (d), insulin receptor substrates (IRS)-1 (e) and IRS-2 (f), monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1 (g), chemokine (C-C motif) receptor (CCR)-2 (h) in fructose-pair-fed rats. The fructose-control rats had free access to 10% fructose in their drinking water, while the consumption of fructose in the ginger-(50 mg/kg) treated (by gavage daily) rats was adjusted to that of the fructose-control rats over 5 weeks. mRNA was determined by real-time PCR and normalized to β-actin. Levels in fructose control rats were arbitrarily assigned a value of 1. Data are means ± SEM ( each group). *.
