The Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Acupuncture and Their Relevance to Allergic Rhinitis: A Narrative Review and Proposed Model

Table 2

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Role of NGF in allergic rhinitis:

  (i) increases neuronal abundance in nasal epithelium leading to hypersensitivity and increased tendency to nasal congestion

  (ii) increases expression and sensitivity of TRPV1 receptors in nasal epithelium

  (iii) prolongs survival of eosinophils and mast cells (prolonging inflammatory response)

  (iv) contributes to early-phase allergic response (but not to late-phase response)

  (v) increases production and release of pro-inflammatory neuropeptides SP and CGRP

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