Phyllanthus Suppresses Prostate Cancer Cell, PC-3, Proliferation and Induces Apoptosis through Multiple Signalling Pathways (MAPKs, PI3K/Akt, NF𝜿B, and Hypoxia)

Figure 3

Inhibition of cellular signalling pathways in PC-3 cells by Phyllanthus extracts. (a) Suppression of MAPKs and PI3 K/Akt pathways via inhibition on Ras, Raf, Elk, Rsk, Jnk, c-Jun, p38 MAPK, and Akt proteins. (b) Inhibition of Wnt pathway via down-regulation of dishevelled (DSH) and 𝛽-catenin proteins in conjunction with upregulation of GSK3𝛽. (c) Inhibition of Myc/Max and hypoxia pathways via down-regulation of c-myc, HIF-1𝛼, and VEGF. (d) Inhibition of NF𝜅B pathway was observed when the expressions of p50 and p52 proteins were significantly downregulated. Bars show the mean percentage ± SEM.*𝑃≤0.05 and **𝑃≤0.01 versus control.

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