Role of GLP-1 in the Hypoglycemic Effects of Wild Bitter Gourd

Table 1

Acute effects of WES on plasma glucose, insulin, and GLP-1 in mice¹.

Group	Vehicle	WES
Plasma glucose (mg/dL)
0 min	395.7±24.1	377.6±40.9
30 min	411.5±22.4	282.6±24.2 ***
30 min–0 min	015.8±24.1	−95.0±39.3^***,##
Plasma insulin (ng/mL)
0 min	0.78±0.29	0.66±0.34
30 min	0.46±0.09	0.80±0.35 **
30 min–0 min	−0.32±0.32^#	0.15±0.26 *
Plasma GLP-1 (pM)
0 min	4.69±1.96	4.60±1.46
30 min	4.71±1.86	8.18±2.50 ***
30 min–0 min	0.02±0.88	3.58±1.38^***,###

1High-fat-diet-fed mice were fasted for 6 hr and blood samples collected at 0 min. Vehicle (430 mg/kg BW glucose, equal to glucose concentration in WES) or WES (5000 mg/kg BW) were orally administered and blood samples collected again after 30 minutes. Data were mean ± SD of two separate experiments with 𝑛=3 for each group in each experiment. *𝑃<0.05, **𝑃<0.01 and ***𝑃<0.001 denote significant differences compared to vehicle-treated mice analyzed by Student’s t test with RCBD to adjust for the differences between separate experiments. ^#𝑃<0.05, ^##𝑃<0.01, and ^###𝑃<0.001 denote significant differences between before and 30 min after treatment in the same group analyzed by paired 𝑡 test.