A Systematic Review of the Efficacy of Centella asiatica for Improvement of the Signs and Symptoms of Chronic Venous Insufficiency

Table 2

Outcomes assessed.

Study	Outcome measures	Conclusion
Allegra et al., 1981 [38]	Pain, heaviness, leg oedema, trophic lesions, easy tiredness, skin hypothermia, varicosities, and tolerance	Improves venous reflux in patients
Marastoni et al., 1982 [39]	Night cramps, painful limbs, numbness, heaviness, orthostatic oedema, and altered skin trophism	Improves clinical observations of venous insufficiency and venous tone
Pointel et al., 1987 [40]	Venous distensibility, % of patients with improved heaviness in legs, oedema, and standing leg pain	TTFCA is well tolerated and superior to placebo in the treatment of venous insufficiency
Cesarone et al., 1994 [41]	RF, tcPCO2, and tcPO2	Effective in venous hypertensive microangiopathy
Cesarone et al., 2001a [42]	RF, CFR (measured as RAS)	Improves microcirculation with venous hypertension and venous microangiopathy
Cesarone et al., 2001b [43]	RF, VAR, tcPCO2, tcPO2, and RT	Improves microcirculation and leg volume in venous hypertension
De Sanctis et al., 2001 [44]	CFR, RT	Reduces the increased capillary filtration in patients with venous hypertension
Incandela et al., 2001 [45]	BRF, VAR, tcPCO2, and tcPO2	Useful for treatment of venous hypertensive microangiopathy

BRF: baseline resting flow.
CFR: capillary filtration rate.
tcPCO₂: transcutaneous pressure of carbon dioxide.
tcPO₂: transcutaneous pressure of oxygen.
RAS: rate of ankle swelling.
RF: resting flux.
RT: refilling time.
VAR: venoarteriolar response.